गीताGitaDeep

Bhagavad Gītā · Chapter 2 · Sāṅkhya Yoga

क्लैब्यं मा स्म गमः पार्थ नैतत्त्वय्युपपद्यते

क्षुद्रं हृदयदौर्बल्यं त्यक्त्वोत्तिष्ठ परन्तप

२.३

klaibyaṃ mā sma gamaḥ pārtha naitattvayyupapadyate|

kṣudraṃ hṛdayadaurbalyaṃ tyaktvottiṣṭha parantapa||

Recitation coming soon

Word meanings

पार्थ = O Pārtha

क्लैब्यम् = unmanliness

मा, स्म, = do not

गमः = yield (to)

त्वयि = in you

एतत् = this

न, उपपद्यते = is not fitting

परन्तप = O scorcher of foes

हृदयदौर्बल्यम् = petty weakness of heart

त्यक्त्वा = having cast off

उत्तिष्ठ = arise

Translation

Yield not to unmanliness, Arjuna; illdoes: it become you. Shaking off this paltry faint-heartedness stand up, O scorcher of enemies. (3) Os 2: AO COGS SOL eee

Commentary

The commentators seated around this verse

Open first:
Language:
Portrait of Rāmānuja

Rāmānuja · Viśiṣṭādvaita

English

On verses 2.1–9

Thus, the Lord, the Supreme Being, introduces the teaching regarding the Self for the sake of Arjuna whose natural courage was lost due to love and misplaced compassion.

Arjuna considered the war to be unrighteous even though it is the greatest duty for warriors (Kṣatriyas). He then took refuge in Śrī Krishna to learn what the correct course of action was.

Śrī Krishna understood that Arjuna's delusion would only be overcome by the knowledge of the real nature of the Self,

and the knowledge that war (action) is an ordained duty [for Kshatriyas] which, when performed without attachment to the fruits thereof is a means for Self-realisation.

Portrait of Jñāneśvar

Jñāneśvar · Vārkarī

English

3 'Yield not, O son of Pṛthā, to unmanliness: it is not meet in thee. Rid thine heart of this paltry craveness and stand forth, O Scourge of the enemy'. (21)

'Therefore enough of these lamentations; take complete courage in your heart and leave off this sorrowing, O Arjuna! It is not becoming on your part and it will undo altogether your former achievements (you won). Therefore do consider, still, your own interests. O Pārtha; softness of heart is unavailing in war-time. Have they become your relatives only in the present battle-field? Were you not aware of that before and did you not recognise the *Gotrajas* as before? Why then are you exaggerating this tender pity unto a poser only now? O Arjuna, is this battle a new thing to you to-day? These hostilities have always existed amongst you. Then how is it only now that this pity has suddenly sprung I can't understand. However, O Arjuna, you have lapsed into an evil and base thing here. The result of persisting in this delusion will be that the great name you have already won will altogether disappear and in the long run (you) stand in danger of losing, O Pārtha, the prospect in both this and the other world. Feebleness of heart can never be the means of attaining the highest good. On the contrary it becomes a cause of ruin for valiant Kshatriyas in the battle.” In this way the kind Bhagawanta preached in various ways. Hear now what the son of Pāṇḍu said on hearing it.

Swami Ramsukhdas · Modern

English

'Pārtha'*—Lord Kṛṣṇa addresses Arjuna as 'Pārtha', to remind him of Mother Kuntī's message† and arouse in him feelings of bravery which befits the members of a warrior-class. It means, that he should not disobey his mother by showing cowardice.

'Klaibyam mā sma gamah'—It is because of faint-heartedness that Arjuna perceives it, righteous not to wage war and unrighteous to wage war. Therefore to warn him, Lord Kṛṣṇa says that it is impotence rather than righteousness, not to wage war. So he should abandon this weakness.

'Naitattvayyupapadyate'—You should not have developed this timidity in you, because you are, the son of a brave mother of warrior-class, and you yourself are also brave. Therefore, this weakness does not befit you at all.

'Parantapa'—You are the scorcher and vanquisher of foes. So, will you gladden your enemies by showing your disinclination for war?

'Kṣudram hṛdayadaurbalyam tyaktvottistha'—Here, 'Kṣudram', has two meanings—(i) This faint-heartedness will make you lowly viz., it will deprive you of salvation, heaven or fame and if you

* Being the son of Pṛthā Arjuna is called 'Pārtha'. This word manifests intimacy between Lord Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna. In the Gītā Lord Kṛṣṇa has used this address thirty-eight times, more than any other address. The second place goes to 'Kaunteya' which has been used twenty-four times.

When Lord Kṛṣṇa wants to say something special or give assurance to Arjuna or there is an overflow of love for him, He calls him 'Pārtha.' By addressing him thus, he wants to remind him that besides being the son of his father's sister, he is his loving devotee and friend (Gītā 4/3). Therefore He tells him something very secret and true for his welfare.

† Kuntī's message to Arjuna and to Bhīma who were ever eager to fight— It is the time for which the mother of the warrior-class gives birth to her sons.

do not abandon it, you will become insignificant. (ii) This faint-heartedness, is petty. So it is not difficult for a brave person like you to abandon.

You are thinking that being virtuous, you do not want to commit a sin by waging war, but it is your cowardice. So by abandoning it, you should discharge your duty, by arraying yourself to wage war.

Lord Kṛṣṇa knows for certain, that it is Arjuna's first and foremost duty to wage war. So, He, without caring for Arjuna's lame excuses, orders him quickly to wage war, with full preparations.

**Appendix**—This fact has been described in detail by the Lord ahead from the thirty-first verse to the thirty-eighth verse of this chapters.

*Link:—In the first chapter, Arjuna gave several arguments against the war. But without attaching importance to his arguments, Lord Kṛṣṇa suddenly scolded Arjuna for his faint-heartedness, and ordered him to array himself to wage war. So Arjuna without getting any satisfactory reply to his arguments, got excited and spoke abruptly.*

Portrait of Jñāneśvar

Jñāneśvar · Vārkarī

Marathi

म्हणोनि शोक न करीं । तूं पुरता धीरु धरीं । हे शोच्यता अव्हेरीं । पंडुकुमरा ॥ २१ ॥

तुज नव्हे हें उचित । येणें नासेल जोडले बहुत । तूं अझुनिवरी हित । विचारी पां ॥ २२ ॥

येणें संग्रामाचेनि अवसरें । एथ कृपाळुपण नुपकरे । हे आतांचि काय सोयरे । जाहले तुज ॥ २३ ॥

तूं आधींचि काय नेणसी । कीं गोत्र नोळखसी । वायांचि काय करिसी । अतिशो आतां ॥ २४ ॥

आजिंचे हें काय झुंज । काय जन्मा नवल तुज । हें परस्परें तुम्हां व्याज । सदाचि आथि ॥ २५ ॥

तरी आतां काय जाहलें । कायि स्नेह उपनले । हें नेणिजे परि कुडे केले । अर्जुना तुवा ॥ २६ ॥

मोह धरिलिया ऐसें होईल । जे असती प्रतिष्ठा जाईल । आणि परलोकही अंतरेल । ऐहिकेंसी ॥ २७ ॥

हृदयाचे ढिलेपण । एथ निकयासी नव्हे कारण । हें संग्रामीं पतन जाण । क्षत्रीयांसी ॥ २८ ॥

ऐसेनि तो कृपावंतु । नानापरी असे शिकवितु । हे ऐकोनि पंडुसुतु । काय बोले ॥ २९ ॥

Portrait of Jñāneśvar

Jñāneśvar · Vārkarī

Hindi

(2.21) उन्होंने यह और भी कहा कि हे अर्जुन! शोक मत करो, पूर्ण धीरज धरो और इस खेद का त्याग करो।

(2.22) इस संग्राम के अवसर पर करुणा उपयोगी नहीं है। ये लोग क्या इसी समय तुम्हारे सगे संबंधी हो गये?

(2.24) यह बात क्या तुम पहले नहीं जानते थे? अथवा इन गोत्रियों की तुम्हें पहचान नहीं थी? नाहक क्यों तूल खींचते हो?

(2.25) आज का युद्ध क्या तुम्हारे जन्म भर में नवीन है? तुम्हें आपस में युद्ध के निमित्त सदी ही बना रहता है।

(2.26) फिर इसी समय क्या हो गया? मैं नहीं जानता कि यह करुणा क्यों उत्पन्न हुई है? परन्तु हे अर्जुन! तुम यह बुरा कर रहे हो। (2.27) मोह रखने से यह फल होगा कि तुमने जो कुछ प्रतिष्ठा प्राप्त की है वह चली जाएगी और ऐहिक के साथ पारलौकिक हित में भी अन्तर पड़ेगा।

(2.28) हृदय की दुर्बलता भलाई का हेतु नहीं होती। संग्राम के समय वह क्षत्रियों के लिए अधःपात का हेतु होती है।

(2.29) इस प्रकार उस कृपावन्त श्रीकृष्ण ने नाना प्रकार से समझाया। उनकी बातें सुनकर पाण्डुसुत अर्जुन कहने लगा —

Portrait of Sri Udiya Baba

Sri Udiya Baba · Modern

Hindi

भावार्थ— पृथापुत्र अर्जुन! तू कायरता को प्राप्त न हो। तेरे लिये यह उचित नहीं है। हे शत्रुसूदन! हृदय की इस तुच्छ दुर्बलता को त्यागकर युद्ध के लिये खड़ा हो जा।

Swami Ramsukhdas · Modern

Hindi

‘पार्थ’*—माता पृथा-(कुन्ती-) के सन्देशकी | याद दिलाकर अर्जुनके अन्तःकरणमें क्षत्रियोचित

* पृथा-(कुन्ती-) के पुत्र होनेसे अर्जुनका एक नाम ‘पार्थ’ भी है। ‘पार्थ’ सम्बोधन भगवान्की अर्जुनके साथ प्रियता और घनिष्ठताका द्योतक है। गीतामें भगवान्ने अङ्गीत बार ‘पार्थ’ सम्बोधनका प्रयोग किया है। अर्जुनके अन्य सभी सम्बोधनकी अपेक्षा ‘पार्थ’ सम्बोधनका प्रयोग अधिक हुआ है। इसके बाद सबसे अधिक प्रयोग ‘कीर्त्तेय’ सम्बोधनका हुआ है, जिसकी आवृत्ति कुल चौबीस बार हुई है।

भगवान्की अर्जुनसे जब कोई विशेष बात कहनी होती है या कोई आश्वासन देना होता है या उनके प्रति भगवान्का विशेषरूपसे प्रेम उमड़ता है, तब भगवान् उन्हें ‘पार्थ’ कहकर पुकारते हैं। इस सम्बोधनके प्रयोगसे मानो वे स्मरण कराते हैं कि तुम मेरी बुआ (पृथा—कुन्ती-)के लड़के तो हो ही, साथ-ही-साथ मेरे प्यारे भक्त और सखा भी हो (गीता ४।३)। अतः मैं तुम्हें विशेष गोपनीय बातें बताता हूँ और जो कुछ भी कहता हूँ, सत्य तथा केवल तुम्हारे हितके लिये कहता हूँ।

वीरताका भाव जाग्रत करनेके लिये भगवान अर्जुनको 'पार्थ' नामसे सम्बोधित करते हैं। तात्पर्य है कि अपनेमें कायरता लाकर तुम्हें माताकी आज्ञाका उल्लंघन नहीं करना चाहिये।

'क्लैव्यं मा स्म गमः'—अर्जुन कायरताके कारण युद्ध करनेमें अधर्म और युद्ध न करनेमें धर्म मान रहे थे। अतः अर्जुनको चेतानेके लिये भगवान कहते हैं कि युद्ध न करना धर्मकी बात नहीं है, यह तो नपुंसकता (हिजड़ापन) है। इसलिये तुम इस नपुंसकताको छोड़ दो।

'नैतत्त्वव्युपपद्यते'—तुम्हारेमें यह हिजड़ापन नहीं आना चाहिये था; क्योंकि तुम कुन्ती-जैसी वीर क्षत्राणी माताके पुत्र हो और स्वयं भी शूरवीर हो। तात्पर्य है कि जन्मसे और अपनी प्रकृतिसे भी यह नपुंसकता तुम्हारेमें सर्वथा अनुचित है।

'परन्तप'—तुम स्वयं 'परन्तप' हो अर्थात् शत्रुओंको तपानेवाले, भगानेवाले हो, तो क्या तुम इस समय युद्धसे विमुख होकर अपने शत्रुओंको हर्षित करोगे?

'क्षुद्रं हृदयदौर्बल्यं त्यक्त्वोत्तिष्ठ'—यहाँ 'क्षुद्रम्' पदके दो अर्थ होते हैं—(१) यह हृदयकी दुर्बलता तुच्छताको

परिशिष्ट भाव—इस बातका विस्तार भगवानने आगे इकतीसवेंसे अड़तीसवें श्लोकतक किया है।

सम्बन्ध—पहले अध्यायमें अर्जुनने युद्ध न करनेके विषयमें बहुत-सी युक्तियाँ (दलीलें) दी थीं। उन युक्तियोंका कुछ भी आदर न करके भगवानने एकाएक अर्जुनको कायरतारूप दोषके लिये जोरसे फटकारा और युद्धके लिये खड़े हो जानेकी आज्ञा दे दी। इस बातको लेकर अर्जुन भी अपनी युक्तियोंका समाधान न पाकर एकाएक उत्तेजित होकर बोल उठे—

अर्जुन उवाच

Share this verse

Practice diya: lit

Reading regularly?

Begin a daily practice — free, no account.

Begin