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Bhagavad Gītā · Chapter 3 · Karma Yoga

यज्ञशिष्टाशिनः सन्तो मुच्यन्ते सर्वकिल्बिषैः

भुञ्जते ते त्वघं पापा ये पचन्त्यात्मकारणात्

३.१३

yajñaśiṣṭāśinaḥ santo mucyante sarvakilbiṣaiḥ|

bhuñjate te tvaghaṃ pāpā ye pacantyātmakāraṇāt||

Recitation coming soon

Translation

The virtuous who partake of what is left over after sacrifice are absolved of all sins. Those sinful ones who cook for the sake of nourishing their body alone eat one sin.

Commentary

The commentators seated around this verse

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Portrait of Rāmānuja

Rāmānuja · Viśiṣṭādvaita

English

Those who acquire articles of food solely for propitiating the Supreme Being abiding as the Self of Indra and all other devas, and who, cooks and offers them to the Supreme Being, and then sustains themselves on the remnants of such offerings —

they alone will be free of all [mental] impurities which have resulted from beginingless Karma and which obstruct the direct vision of the ātman.

But the evil-minded ones, appropriate for personal use the things which the Supreme Being has granted them for devotional service, and use it all for self-gratification alone —they verily eat only sin.

The error here referred to is the accruing negative result of the actions.

Śrī Krishna again points out that everything has its origin in sacrifice; according to both the worldly and the Scriptural views; the performance of the sacrifices is therefore necessary and their non-performance is a failing:

Portrait of Madhvācārya

Madhvācārya · Dvaita

Madhva BhāṣyaSanskritEnglish

On verses 3.10–3.13

“अत्रार्थवादमाह – सहयज्ञाः इति ||” – In this verse 'along with sacrifice', rational words are spoken.

Portrait of Madhvācārya

Madhvācārya · Dvaita

Gītā Tātparya NirṇayaSanskritEnglish

On verses 3.10–3.13

“कर्मणा वध्यते जन्तुः इत्यादिकमप्यवैष्णवकर्मविषयमित्याह – यज्ञार्था इति ||” Saying by action a Jiva is bound, Sri Krishna points out the desirable वैष्णव purpose in life saying यज्ञार्थात्, “ज्ञो नाम भगवान् विष्णुसन् यतुद्देश एष यः | स यज्ञ इति सम्पात्तो विहिते कर्मणि स्थितः ||”, thus in BarkaShruti.

Portrait of Jñāneśvar

Jñāneśvar · Vārkarī

English

13 'The pious who eat (their food) only as the remainder after the Sacrifice, are freed of all defilements; those, on the other hand, who cook (exclusively) for themselves, eat of sin, and are sinful.

(119) One who performs his prescribed duty without expectation of any fruit out of it, utilising whatever riches he has got,—similarly one who worships his preceptor, cows, and the sacred fire, and who on suitable occasions worships, and propitiates Brahmins, and also presents libations of water to his deceased ancestors, and in this way performs prescribed sacrificial rites, also makes meals along with his family members, out of whatever is left behind after making oblations to the sacred Fire, purifies himself out of these sins by that holy food. O Pārtha, he gets freed from all sins by the eating of the remnants of the sacrificial offerings as nectar cures leprosy. Just as one, who is firmly settled in Brahman knowledge, never gets even the touch of any illusion, in the same way sins never touch one, who eats only the remnants of the sacrificial offerings. Therefore one should spend according to religious commands whatever is earned by following that religion, enjoying contentedly only that much as would be left over. Therefore, O Pārtha do not, in your conduct of life, follow other ways: such was the ancient path according to the narrative given by Murāri (Lord Krishna). Those that mistake their own bodily self for their inmost spirit and give themselves over to the enjoyment of sensuous pleasures out of selfish motive, not minding anything—such way-ward fools in their error do not realize the secret of the observance of their sacrificial rites and blinded by egotism, only wish to enjoy the pleasures. Those that prepare and enjoy sumptuous dishes as are palatable to their tastes are only erring persons who verily swallow nothing else than the sins. All the riches that one may come to possess are meant to be given over as offerings in sacrificial rites of one's own religion, and are thus to be dedicated to the service of the Highest Person in the form of Sacrificial rites. Leaving these truths aside, the fools prepare various delicacies of food only to satisfy themselves. Know this that the food is surely not an ordinary thing which helps to make sacrifices fruitful and to propitiate the Supreme Lord. It should be considered as the very symbol of the Supreme Deity since it is the very means of subsistence of the universe.

Swami Ramsukhdas · Modern

English

'Yajñāsiṣṭāsinah santaḥ'—When duties are performed according to the scriptural injunctions, without any hope of reward, equanimity (in the form of a remnant of the sacrifice) is achieved. The main factor in the Discipline of Action is, that an action is performed only with the material which is received from the world. Therefore, an action is called 'Yajña' only if by it selfless service is rendered to the world. After performing sacrifice (action) the residue 'Yoga' (Equanimity) is, for oneself. This 'Yoga' (Equanimity) is the essence which has been called 'nectar' in the fourth chapter (4/31).

'Mucyante sarvakilbiṣaiḥ'—Here the term 'kilbiṣaiḥ' means sins viz., bondage. The Lord has used the adjective, 'sarva' (all), which means that having realized equanimity, a man is released from all bondage. All his actions performed in the past, (as stored and ripe ones) as well as those performed ones at present, melt away i.e., are reduced to nothing (Gītā 4/23).* When his actions have been reduced to nothing, he attains to the eternal Absolute (Gītā 4/31).

* When he has no desire, his stored actions of the past disappear. So long as the body is alive, desirable and undesirable circumstances appear according to the fortune, but he remains unaffected by them. Thus actions in the form of fortune also disappear. As far as the actions of the present are concerned, they are turned into inaction i.e., they don't bear any fruit because they are performed without any desire for fruit.

In the ninth verse of this chapter, the Lord declared, 'mankind is bound by actions, other than those, performed for the sake of sacrifice.' While in the twenty-third verse of the fourth chapter He declared, 'All the actions of the man who works for the sake of sacrifice, are dissolved.' The same fact has been pointed out here, in this verse. It means, that people who realize equanimity, the remnant of sacrifice, are liberated from all bondage. Not only the sinful actions, but also the virtuous actions which are performed, with the hope of fruit, are conducive to bondage. He who has attained equanimity as remnant of sacrifice, casts away both good (virtues) and evil (sins) (Gītā 2/50).

Now think over the root of bondage. The desire, that this should happen and that should not happen, is the root of bondage. Desire is the cause of all sins (Gītā 3/37). So it must be renounced.

In fact, desire has no independent existence of its own. It is born of a feeling of want in the self, while in the self (soul) no paucity, is ever possible. So the self has no desire. But a man's self by identifying itself with the unreal body etc., feels the missing objects for the body, as shortage in him, and thus has a desire for the unreal. He should realize that he (self) ever remains the same, while the worldly objects and actions appear and disappear, these are born and perish. So, how can the perishable fulfil the desire of the imperishable? Therefore, it is a folly to hanker after those sense-objects. They cannot make up the deficiency. If a serious and proper thought, is given to this point, desires can be wiped out easily.

When a striver renders service with his body and things etc., without regarding these as his and for him, his affinity with the body and things etc., is renounced and he realizes the real self. Then, he feels no want. Such a man is liberated from the bondage of the world, while he is alive.

'Ye pacantyātmakāraṇāt'—All kind of desire, selfishness,

attachment etc., are included in the expression 'ātmakāraṇāt' (for their own sake). The more selfish a man is, the greater a sinner he is.

Here the term 'pacanti' denotes, all the mundane actions such as eating, drinking, walking, sitting and so on. Whatever action a selfish man performs, either for himself or for others, performs only for himself. On the other hand, a striver who, having renounced selfish motives while performing his duty, works for others only, even when he appears to work for himself. He, who uses the objects which he has received from the world for his own enjoyment, actually cooks food for his own sake. It is a great sin to regard the body, a fragment of the world, as one's own and for one's own self. But he who without, regarding the body as his own, supplies necessities such as food, water and clothes etc., to it, and does not allow it to be lazy, heedless and pleasure-seeking, renders service to it and becomes free from the feeling of mineness and attachment to it.

Man himself, has to reap the fruit of actions performed by him. But his actions affect the entire world. He who performs actions for himself, deviates from his duty. That deviation results in calamities such as famines, epidemics and deaths etc., in a country. So, it is proper on the part of a man, that he should do nothing for himself, should regard nothing as his own and should desire nothing for himself.

He who expects the perishable fruit of actions, is also like those who cook food, for their own sake. So the Lord in the first verse of the sixth chapter, declares that a Karmayogī should perform his allotted duty without depending on the fruit of actions. When a man totally renounces dependence on the fruit of action, he does nothing for himself and thus gets established in Yoga.

'Bhuñjate te tvagham pāpā'—The Lord condemns the sinful ones, who perform actions for themselves. Such persons store so many sins which are not exhausted even after suffering tortures

in hells and eighty-four lac forms of lives, but their sinful actions remain as stored actions (*sañcita karma*). Human life is such a marvellous field in which, as we sow so shall we reap for many births to come\*. Therefore, a man must resolve not to commit sins in future i.e., must not perform actions for himself. Such a resolution means a great power. The fact is, that all the sins of a man who resolves to follow the spiritual path, cease to be committed by him.

**Appendix**—The body, ability, rank (position), authority, knowledge and power etc., which a man possesses, have been obtained and will be lost. Therefore they are not ours and are not for us, but they are for rendering service to others. Our Indian culture is summed up in this principle. As all the organs of the body are for the welfare of the body, so all the people of the world are for the welfare of the world. A man may be of any country, guise, Varṇa (social order), āśrama (stage of life) etc., may easily attain salvation by rendering service to others through his actions.

Whatever characteristic we have, is for others, not for us. If all the people follow this idea, no one will remain bound but all will become liberated souls. If you use the things which you have received from the world is the service of others, what have you spent of your own? It leads you to salvation free of cost. Besides this, nothing needs to be done for salvation. We are responsible to spend only whatever we possess, we have no responsibility to spend more than that. A man can't do more than that. If we spend the things, ability and strength etc., completely in rendering service, we shall attain complete salvation.

In fact the body is useful only for the world, not for one's own self because the body is not for us at all. The body is

\* In fact this human birth is the first as well as the last birth of all births. If a man realizes God, it is the last birth. But if he does not attain God-realization, it is the first one of the infinite births.

needed in order to do some action. If nothing is to be done, then what is the need of the body? Therefore to do any action for one's own self with this body, is a flaw. We can't do anything for the self with the thing which we have received, but with that we can serve the world. The body is a fragment of the world; therefore whatever will be done with it, will be only for the world. The body-senses-mind-intellect can't go beyond the world, they can't be separated from the world. Therefore performance of actions for one's own self, is not human nature but it is demoniac and devilish nature. In fact a man is only a human being in the real sense, who does actions for the welfare of others. He who performs actions for one's own pleasure, verily devours sin viz., ever remains sad, while those who work for the welfare of others, are released from all sins viz., become happy forever—'yajñāsiṣṭāmiṭabhujo yānti brahma sanātanam' (Gītā 4/31).

*Link:— Arjuna puts the question to Lord Kṛṣṇa, 'Why do You urge me to perform this savage deed?' In response to his question, the Lord having given several reasons, propounds the necessity of performing sacrifice (duty) in order to maintain the world order, in the next two verses.*

अन्नाद्भवन्ति भूतानि पर्जन्यादन्नसम्भवः । यज्ञाद्भवति पर्जन्यो यज्ञः कर्मसमुद्भवः ॥ १४ ॥ कर्म ब्रह्मोद्भवं विद्धि ब्रह्माक्षरसमुद्भवम् । तस्मात्सर्वगतं ब्रह्म नित्यं यज्ञे प्रतिष्ठितम् ॥ १५ ॥

annādbhavanti bhūtāni parjanyādannasambhavaḥ yajñādbhavati parjanyo yajñāḥ karmasamudbhavaḥ karma brahmodbhavaṁ vidhi brahmākṣarasamudbhavam tasmātsarvagataṁ brahma nityaṁ yajñe pratiṣṭhitam

From food, creatures come into being; from rain, food is produced; from sacrifice (yajña) comes rain and sacrifice is born

in hells and eighty-four lac forms of lives, but their sinful actions remain as stored actions (*sañcita karma*). Human life is such a marvellous field in which, as we sow so shall we reap for many births to come\*. Therefore, a man must resolve not to commit sins in future i.e., must not perform actions for himself. Such a resolution means a great power. The fact is, that all the sins of a man who resolves to follow the spiritual path, cease to be committed by him.

**Appendix**—The body, ability, rank (position), authority, knowledge and power etc., which a man possesses, have been obtained and will be lost. Therefore they are not ours and are not for us, but they are for rendering service to others. Our Indian culture is summed up in this principle. As all the organs of the body are for the welfare of the body, so all the people of the world are for the welfare of the world. A man may be of any country, guise, Varṇa (social order), āśrama (stage of life) etc., may easily attain salvation by rendering service to others through his actions.

Whatever characteristic we have, is for others, not for us. If all the people follow this idea, no one will remain bound but all will become liberated souls. If you use the things which you have received from the world is the service of others, what have you spent of your own? It leads you to salvation free of cost. Besides this, nothing needs to be done for salvation. We are responsible to spend only whatever we possess, we have no responsibility to spend more than that. A man can't do more than that. If we spend the things, ability and strength etc., completely in rendering service, we shall attain complete salvation.

In fact the body is useful only for the world, not for one's own self because the body is not for us at all. The body is

\* In fact this human birth is the first as well as the last birth of all births. If a man realizes God, it is the last birth. But if he does not attain God-realization, it is the first one of the infinite births.

available in a well and as the water of the pipe is available only through the tap or the hole, similarly the all-pervading God specially manifests in sacrifice.

Performance of actions for one's own self and assumption of affinity for the insentient body etc., are the obstacles to God-realization. These obstacles are removed, when duty is performed without hoping for any reward, and for the welfare of others and then God, Who is ever attained, is naturally realized. Therefore, Lord Kṛṣṇa is urging Arjuna to perform his duty, by offering several reasons and examples.

*Link:—In order to maintain the world order, it is man's responsibility to perform his duty. Therefore, the Lord in the next verse criticizes a man who does not perform his duty.*

Portrait of Ādi Śaṅkarācārya

Ādi Śaṅkarācārya · Advaita

Sanskrit

देवयज्ञादीन् निर्वर्त्य तच्छिष्टं अशनं अमृताख्यं अशितुं शीलं येषां ते यज्ञशिष्टाशिनः सन्तः मुच्यन्ते सर्वकिल्बिषैः सर्वपापैः चुल्ल्यादिपञ्चसूनाकृतैः प्रमादकृतहिंसादिजनितैश्च अन्यैः । ये तु आत्मम्भरयः, भुञ्जते ते तु अघं पापं स्वयमपि पापाः -- ये पचन्ति पाकं निर्वर्तयन्ति आत्मकारणात् आत्महेतोः ॥

इतश्च अधिकृतेन कर्म कर्तव्यं जगच्चक्रप्रवृत्तिहेतुर्हि कर्म । कथमिति उच्यते --

Portrait of Ādi Śaṅkarācārya

Ādi Śaṅkarācārya · Advaita

Hindi

परंतु जो—

यज्ञशिष्ट अन्नका भोजन करनेवाले श्रेष्ठ पुरुष हैं अर्थात् देवयज्ञादि करके उससे बचे हुए अमृत नामक अन्नको भक्षण करना जिनका स्वभाव है, वे सब पापोंसे अर्थात् गृहस्थमें होनेवाले चक्की, चूल्हे आदिके पाँच पापोंसे और प्रमादसे होनेवाले हिंसादिजनित अन्य पापोंसे भी छूट जाते हैं।

तथा जो उदरपरायण लोग केवल अपने लिये ही अन्न पकाते हैं वे स्वयं पापी हैं और पाप ही खाते हैं

Portrait of Jñāneśvar

Jñāneśvar · Vārkarī

Marathi

देखा विहित क्रियविधी । निर्हेतुका बुद्धी । जो असतिये समृद्धी । विनियोगु करी ॥ ११९ ॥

गुरु गोत्र अग्नि पूजी । अवसरीं भजे द्विजीं । निमितादिकीं यजी । पितरोद्देश ॥ १२० ॥

या यज्ञक्रिया उचिता । यज्ञेशीं हवन करितां । हुतशेष स्वभावतः । उरे जें जें ॥ १२१ ॥

तें सुखे आपुलां घरीं । कुटुंबेसीं भोजन करी । कीं भोग्यचि तें निवारी । कल्मषातें ॥ १२२ ॥

तें यज्ञावशिष्ट भोगी । म्हणोनि सांडिजे तो अधीं । जयापरी महारोगीं । अमृतसिद्धी ॥ १२३ ॥

कां तत्वनिष्ठु जैसा । नागवे भ्रांतिलेशा । तो शेषभोगी तैसा । नाकळे दोषा ॥ १२४ ॥

म्हणोनि स्वधर्में जें अर्जें । तें स्वधर्मेचि विनियोगिजे । मग उरे तें भोगिजे । संतोषेंसीं ॥ १२५ ॥

हें वांचूनि पार्था । राहाटों नये अन्यथा । ऐसी आद्य ही कथा । मुरारी सांगे ॥ १२६ ॥

जें देहचि आपणपें मानिति । आणि विषयांते भोग्य म्हणती । यापरतें न स्मरती । आणिक कांही ॥ १२७ ॥

हे यज्ञोपकरण सकळ । नेणसांते बरळ । अहंबुद्धी केवळ । भोगूं पाहती ॥ १२८ ॥

इंद्रियरुचीसारखे । करविती पाक निके । ते पापिये पातकें । सेविती जाण ॥ १२९ ॥

जे संपत्तिजात आघवें । हे हवनद्रव्य मानावें । मग स्वधर्मयज्ञें अर्पावें । आदिपुरुषी ॥ १३० ॥

हें सांडोनिया मूर्ख । आपणपेयांलागीं देख । निपजविती पाक । नानाविध ॥ १३१ ॥

जिहीं यज्ञु सिद्धी जाये । परेशा तोषु होये । तें हें सामान्य अन्न न होये । म्हणोनियां ॥ १३२ ॥

हें न म्हणावें साधारण । अन्न ब्रह्मरूप जाण । जे जीवनहेतु कारण । विश्वा यया ॥ १३३ ॥

Portrait of Jñāneśvar

Jñāneśvar · Vārkarī

Hindi

(3.119) देखो, जो प्राप्त की हुई सम्पत्ति का निष्काम बुद्धि से विहित कर्मानुष्ठान में उपयोग करता है;

(3.120) गुरु, गोत्र और अग्नि की पूजा करता है, यथाकाल ब्राह्मणों की सेवा करता है, पितरों के हेतु श्राद्धादिक यज्ञों का यजन करता है;

(3.121) और इस उचित यज्ञक्रिया से यज्ञ का हवन कर सहज ही जो कुछ हवन-सामग्री शेष रह जाय (3.122) उसका अपने घर में कुटुम्बियों के साथ सुख से भोजन करता है, उसके सब पापों का वह यज्ञशेष नाश करता है।

(3.123) वह यज्ञ में बचे हुए अन्न का भोजन करता है इसलिए, जैसे अमृत का सेवन किये हुए पुरुष से महारोग दूर भागते हैं, वैसे ही पाप उस के समीप नहीं जाते।

(3.124) अथवा जैसे ब्रह्मनिष्ठ मनुष्य को भ्रान्ति का लेश भी नहीं छू सकता वैसे ही उस यज्ञावशिष्ट के भोजन करने वाले को पाप वश में नहीं कर सकते।

(3.125) इसलिए स्वधर्म से जो कुछ सम्पादन किया जाय उसका खर्च स्वधर्मानुसार ही करना चाहिए और फिर जो बचे उसका सन्तोष से उपभोग करना चाहिए।

(3.126) हे पार्थ! इसके सिवाय और किसी रीति से चलना उचित नहीं। ऐसी यह आद्यकथा श्री मुरारि ने कही।

(3.127) जो देह को ही आत्मा मानते हैं और विषयों को भोग्य समझते हैं तथा इसके सिवाय और कुछ नहीं जानते;

(3.128) जो यह न जानकर कि सब जगत् यज्ञ की सामग्री है, भूल से तथा केवल अहंकार-बुद्धि ही से इसका उपभोग किया चाहते हैं (3.129) और इन्द्रियों की रुचि के अनुसार भले-भले भोजन बनवाते हैं वे पापी-गण पापों का सेवन करते हैं।

(3.130) यह सब सम्पत्ति केवल हवन की सामग्री समझनी चाहिए और उसे स्वधर्मरूपी यज्ञ के द्वारा ही परमेश्वर को अर्पण करना चाहिए।

(3.131) यह न करके मूर्ख लोग केवल अपने लिए नाना प्रकार के भोजन बनाते हैं।

(3.132) जिस अन्न से यज्ञ सिद्ध होता है और परमेश्वर सन्तुष्ट होता है वह सामान्य अन्न नहीं है। इसलिए

(3.133) इसे साधारण अन्न न समझ कर ब्रह्मरूप समझना चाहिए; क्योंकि यह सकल जगत् के जीवन का हेतु है।

Portrait of Sri Udiya Baba

Sri Udiya Baba · Modern

Hindi

भावार्थ— यज्ञ से बचे हुए अन्न को भोजन करने वाले सत्पुरुष सब पापों से मुक्त हो जाते हैं। किन्तु जो (उदरपरायण) पुरुष केवल अपने लिये अन्न पकाते हैं वे तो पापी हैं और पाप ही खाते हैं।

व्याख्या— जो अपने स्वजनों और सेवकादि को भी खिलाकर पीछे भोजन करते हैं वे यज्ञशेष ही भोजन करते हैं। इसलिये पञ्च हत्या आदि पापों से भी मुक्त हो जाते हैं। शास्त्रों में कहा है—

कण्डनी पेषणी चुल्ली उदकुम्भी च मार्जनी।

पञ्चसूना गृहस्थस्य पञ्चयज्ञात्प्रणश्यति॥

अर्थात् ऊखल, चक्की, चूल्हे, जल रखने के स्थान और झाड़ू— इन पाँच के द्वारा गृहस्थ से हत्या होती है, जो पञ्चयज्ञों से निवृत्त होती है। अतः इन्हें दूर करने के लिये पञ्चयज्ञ करने चाहिये।

Swami Ramsukhdas · Modern

Hindi

‘यज्ञशिष्टाशिनः सन्तः’—कर्तव्यकर्मीका निष्कामभावसे विधिपूर्वक पालन करनेपर (यज्ञशेषके रूपमें) योग अथवा समता ही शेष रहती है। कर्मयोगमें यह खास बात है कि संसारसे प्राप्त सामग्रीके द्वारा ही कर्म होता है। अतः संसारकी सेवामें लगा देनेपर ही वह कर्म ‘यज्ञ’ सिद्ध होता है। यज्ञकी सिद्धिके बाद स्वतः अवशिष्ट रहनेवाला ‘योग’ अपने लिये होता है। यह योग (समता) ही यज्ञशेष है, जिसको भगवान्ने चौथे अध्यायमें ‘अमृत’ कहा है—‘यज्ञशिष्टामृतभुजः’ (४। ३१)।

‘मुच्यन्ते सर्वकिल्बिषैः’—यहाँ ‘किल्बिषैः’ पद बहुवचनान्त है, जिसका अर्थ है—सम्पूर्ण पापोंसे अर्थात् बन्धनोंसे। परन्तु भगवान्ने इस पदके साथ ‘सर्व’ पद भी दिया है, जिसका विशेष तात्पर्य यह हो जाता है कि यज्ञशेषका अनुभव करनेपर मनुष्यमें किसी भी प्रकारका बन्धन नहीं रहता। उसके सम्पूर्ण (संचित, प्रारब्ध और क्रियमाण) कर्म विलीन हो जाते हैं* (गीता—चौथे अध्यायका तेईसवाँ श्लोक)। सम्पूर्ण कर्मोंके विलीन हो जानेपर उसे सनातन ब्रह्मकी प्राप्ति हो जाती है (गीता—चौथे अध्यायका इकतीसवाँ श्लोक)।

इसी अध्यायके नवें श्लोकमें भगवान्ने यज्ञार्थ कर्मसे अन्यत्र कर्मको बन्धनकारक बताया और चौथे अध्यायके तेईसवें श्लोकमें यज्ञार्थ कर्म करनेवाले मनुष्यके सम्पूर्ण कर्म विलीन होनेकी बात कही। इन दोनों श्लोकों (तीसरे अध्यायके नवें तथा चौथे अध्यायके तेईसवें श्लोक) में जो बात आयी है, वही बात यहाँ ‘सर्वकिल्बिषैः’ पदसे कही गयी है। तात्पर्य है कि यज्ञशेषका अनुभव करनेवाले मनुष्य

सम्पूर्ण बन्धनरूप कर्मोंसे मुक्त हो जाते हैं। पाप-कर्म तो बन्धनकारक होते ही हैं, सकामभावसे किये गये पुण्यकर्म भी (फलजनक होनेसे) बन्धनकारक होते हैं। यज्ञशेष-(समता-) का अनुभव करनेपर पाप और पुण्य—दोनों ही नहीं रहते—‘बुद्धियुक्तो जहातीह उभे सुकृतदुष्कृते’ (गीता २। ५०)।

अब विचार करें कि बन्धनका वास्तविक कारण क्या है? ऐसा होना चाहिये और ऐसा नहीं होना चाहिये—इस कामनासे ही बन्धन होता है। यह कामना सम्पूर्ण पापोंकी जड़ है (गीता—तीसरे अध्यायका सैंतीसवाँ श्लोक)। अतः कामनाका त्याग करना अत्यन्त आवश्यक है।

वास्तवमें कामनाकी कोई स्वतन्त्र सत्ता नहीं है। कामना अभावसे उत्पन्न होती है और ‘स्वयं’ (सत्-स्वरूप) में किसी प्रकारका अभाव है ही नहीं और हो सकता भी नहीं। इसलिये ‘स्वयं’ में कामना है ही नहीं। केवल भूलसे शरीरादि असत् पदार्थोंके साथ अपनी एकता मानकर मनुष्य असत् पदार्थोंके अभावसे अपनेमें अभाव मानने लगता है और उस अभावकी पूर्तिके लिये असत् पदार्थोंकी कामना करने लगता है। साधकको इस बातकी तरफ खयाल करना चाहिये कि आरम्भ और समाप्त होनेवाली क्रियाओंसे उत्पन्न और नष्ट होनेवाले पदार्थ ही तो मिलेंगे। ऐसे उत्पत्ति-विनाशशील पदार्थोंसे मनुष्यके अभावकी पूर्ति कभी हो ही नहीं सकती। जब इन पदार्थोंसे अभावकी पूर्ति होनेका प्रश्न ही नहीं है, तो फिर इन पदार्थोंकी कामना करना भी भूल ही है। ऐसा ठीक-ठीक विचार करनेसे कामनाकी निवृत्ति सहज हो सकती है।

* कामना न रहनेसे संचित कर्म विलीन हो जाते हैं। जबतक शरीर रहता है, तबतक प्रारब्धके अनुसार अनुकूल-प्रतिकूल परिस्थिति आती है, पर उससे वह सुखी-दुःखी नहीं होता अर्थात् उस परिस्थितिका उसपर कोई असर नहीं पड़ता—यह प्रारब्ध कर्मका विलीन होना है। फलेच्छा न रहनेसे क्रियमाण कर्म अकर्म हो जाते हैं अर्थात् फल देनेवाले नहीं होते—यह क्रियमाण कर्मका विलीन होना है।

हाँ, अपने कहलानेवाले शरीरादि पदार्थोंको कभी भी अपना तथा अपने लिये न मानकर दूसरोंकी सेवामें लगानेसे इन पदार्थोंसे स्वतः सम्बन्ध-विच्छेद हो जाता है, जिससे तत्काल अपने सत्स्वरूपका बोध हो जाता है। फिर कोई अभाव शेष नहीं रहता। जिसके मनमें किसी प्रकारके अभावकी मान्यता (कामना) नहीं रहती, वह मनुष्य जीते-जी ही संसारसे मुक्त है।

‘ये पचन्त्यात्मकारणात्’—अपने लिये कुछ भी चाहनेका भाव अर्थात् स्वार्थ, कामना, ममता, आसक्ति एवं अपनेको अच्छा कहलानेका किंचित् भी भाव ‘आत्मकारणात्’ पदके अन्तर्गत आ जाता है। मनुष्यमें स्वार्थबुद्धि जितनी ज्यादा होती है, वह उतना ही ज्यादा पापी होता है।

यहाँ ‘पचन्ति’ पद उपलब्धक है, जिसका अर्थ केवल ‘पकाने’ से ही न होकर खाना, पीना, चलना, बैठना आदि समस्त सांसारिक क्रियाओंकी सिद्धिसे है।

अपना स्वार्थ चाहनेवाला व्यक्ति अपने लिये पकाये (कार्य करे) अथवा दूसरेके लिये, वास्तवमें वह अपने लिये ही पकाता है। इसके विपरीत अपने स्वार्थभावका त्याग करके कर्तव्य-कर्म करनेवाला साधक अपने कहलानेवाले शरीरके लिये पकाये अथवा दूसरेके लिये, वास्तवमें वह दूसरेके लिये ही पकाता है। संसारसे हमें जो भी सामग्री मिली है, उसे संसारकी सेवामें न लगाकर अपने सुखभोगमें लगाना ही अपने लिये पकाना है। संसारके छोटे-से-छोटे अंश शरीरको अपना और अपने लिये मानना महान् पाप है। परन्तु शरीरको अपना न मानकर इसको आवश्यकतानुसार अन्न, जल, वस्तु आदि देना और इसको आलसी, प्रमादी, भोगी नहीं होने देना इस शरीरकी सेवा है, जिससे शरीरमें

**परिशिष्ट भाव**—मनुष्यके पास शरीर, योग्यता, पद, अधिकार, विद्या, बल आदि जो कुछ है, वह सब मिला हुआ है और बिछुड़नेवाला है। इसलिये वह अपना और अपने लिये नहीं है, प्रत्युत दूसरोंकी सेवाके लिये है। इस बातमें हमारी भारतीय संस्कृतिका पूरा सिद्धान्त आ जाता है। जैसे हमारे शरीरके सब अवयव शरीरके हितके लिये हैं, ऐसे ही संसारके सभी मनुष्य संसारके हितके लिये हैं। कोई मनुष्य किसी भी देश, वेश, वर्ण, आश्रम आदिका क्यों न हो, अपने कर्मोंके द्वारा दूसरोंकी सेवा करके सुगमतापूर्वक अपना कल्याण कर सकता है।

हमारेमें जो कुछ भी विशेषता है, वह दूसरोंके लिये है, अपने लिये नहीं। अगर सभी मनुष्य ऐसा करने लगें तो कोई भी बद्ध नहीं रहेगा, सब जीवन्मुक्त हो जायेंगे। मिली हुई वस्तुको दूसरोंकी सेवामें लगा दिया तो अपने घरका क्या खर्च हुआ? मुफ्तमें कल्याण होगा। इसके सिवाय मुक्तिके लिये और कुछ करनेकी जरूरत ही नहीं है। जितना हमारे पास है, उसीको सेवामें लगानेकी जिम्मेवारी है, उससे अधिककी जिम्मेवारी है ही नहीं। उससे अधिक मनुष्य कर सकता भी नहीं। अपने पास जितनी वस्तु, योग्यता और सामर्थ्य है, उतनी पूरी सेवामें खर्च करेंगे तो कल्याण भी पूरा ही होगा।

* वास्तवमें मनुष्यजन्म ही सब जन्मोंका आदि तथा अन्तिम जन्म है। यदि मनुष्य परमात्म-प्राप्ति कर ले तो अन्तिम जन्म भी यही है और परमात्म-प्राप्ति न करे तो अनन्त जन्मोंका आदि जन्म भी यही है।

ममता-आसक्ति नहीं रहती।

मनुष्यको अपने कर्मोंका फल स्वयं भोगना पड़ता है; परन्तु उसके द्वारा किये गये कर्मोंका प्रभाव सम्पूर्ण संसारपर पड़ता है। ‘अपने लिये’ कर्म करनेवाला मनुष्य अपने कर्तव्यसे च्युत हो जाता है और अपने कर्तव्यसे च्युत होनेपर ही राष्ट्रमें अकाल, महामारी, मृत्यु आदि महान् कष्ट होते हैं। अतः मनुष्यके लिये उचित है कि वह अपने लिये कुछ भी न करे, अपना कुछ भी न माने तथा अपने लिये कुछ भी न चाहे।

कर्मफल-(उत्पन्न और नष्ट होनेवाली वस्तुमात्र-) का आश्रय लेना ‘अपने लिये पकाने’ के अन्तर्गत है। इसलिये भगवान्ने छठे अध्यायके पहले श्लोकमें ‘अनाश्रितः कर्मफलम्’ पदोंसे कर्मयोगीको कर्मफलका आश्रय न लेनेके लिये कहा है। सर्वथा अनाश्रित हो जानेपर ही मनुष्य अपने लिये कुछ नहीं करता, जिससे वह योगमें स्थित हो जाता है।

‘भुञ्जते ते त्वघं पापाः’—इन पदोंमें भगवान्ने ‘अपने लिये’ कर्म करनेवालोंकी सभ्य भाषामें निन्दा की है। अपने लिये किये गये कर्मोंसे वह इतना पाप-संग्रह कर लेता है कि चौरासी लाख योनियों एवं नरकोंका दुःख भोगनेपर भी वह खत्म नहीं होता, प्रत्युत संचितके रूपमें बाकी रह जाता है। मनुष्ययोनि एक ऐसा अद्भुत खेत है, जिसमें जो भी पाप या पुण्यका बीज बोया जाता है, वह अनेक जन्मोंतक फल देता है। अतः मनुष्यको तुरंत यह निश्चय कर लेना चाहिये कि ‘अब मैं पाप (अपने लिये कर्म) नहीं करूँगा’। इस निश्चयमें बड़ी भारी शक्ति है। सच तो यह है कि परमात्माकी तरफ चलनेका दृढ़ निश्चय होनेपर पाप होना स्वतः रुक जाता है।

वास्तवमें शरीरसे संसारका ही काम होता है, अपना काम होता ही नहीं, क्योंकि शरीर हमारे लिये है ही नहीं। कुछ-न-कुछ काम करनेके लिये ही शरीरकी जरूरत होती है। अगर कुछ भी न करें तो शरीरकी क्या जरूरत? इसलिये शरीरके द्वारा अपने लिये कुछ करना ही दोष है। मिली हुई वस्तुके द्वारा हम अपने लिये कुछ नहीं कर सकते, प्रत्युत उसके द्वारा संसारकी सेवा कर सकते हैं। शरीर संसारका अंश है; अतः इससे जो कुछ होगा, संसारके लिये ही होगा। संसारसे आगे शरीर-इन्द्रियाँ-मन-बुद्धि जा सकते ही नहीं, इनको संसारसे अलग कर सकते ही नहीं। इसलिये अपने सुखके लिये कर्म करना मनुष्यपना नहीं है, प्रत्युत राक्षसपना है, असुरपना है! वास्तवमें मनुष्य वही है, जो दूसरोंके हितके लिये कर्म करता है। अपने सुखके लिये कर्म करनेवाले पापका ही भक्षण करते हैं अर्थात् सदा दुःखी ही रहते हैं और दूसरेके हितके लिये कर्म करनेवाले सम्पूर्ण पापोंसे मुक्त हो जाते हैं अर्थात् सदाके लिये सुखी हो जाते हैं—‘यज्ञशिष्टामृतभुजो यान्ति ब्रह्म सनातनम्’ (गीता ४। ३१)।

सम्बन्ध—‘मुझे घोर कर्ममें क्यों लगाते हैं?’—अर्जुनके इस प्रश्नके उत्तरमें भगवान् अनेक हेतु देते हुए आगेके दो श्लोकोंमें सृष्टि-चक्रकी सुरक्षाके लिये भी यज्ञ (कर्तव्य-कर्म) करनेकी आवश्यकताका प्रतिपादन करते हैं।

**अन्नाद्भवन्ति भूतानि पर्जन्यादनसम्भवः।**

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