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Bhagavad Gītā · Chapter 13 · Kṣetra Kṣetrajña Vibhāga Yoga

समं सर्वेषु भूतेषु तिष्ठन्तं परमेश्वरम्

विनश्यत्स्वविनश्यन्तं यः पश्यति स पश्यति

१३.२७

samaṃ sarveṣu bhūteṣu tiṣṭhantaṃ parameśvaram|vinaśyatsvavinaśyantaṃ yaḥ paśyati sa paśyati||

Recitation coming soon

Word meanings

यः = who

विनश्यत्सु = perishing

सर्वेषु = in all

भूतेषु = among beings

परमेश्वरम् = the supreme lord

अविनश्यन्तम् = imperishable

समम् = equally

तिष्ठन्तम् = abiding

पश्यति = sees

सः = he

पश्यति = truly sees

Translation

He alone truly sees, who sees the supreme Lord as imperishable and abiding equally in — » all perishable beings, both animate and inanimate

Commentary

The commentators seated around this verse

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Portrait of Rāmānuja

Rāmānuja · Viśiṣṭādvaita

English

Lord Krishna confirms with the words paśyati meaning perceives or discriminates that one who realises that paramātma or the Supreme Soul existing equally within all Jīvas or embodied beings is the Kṣetrajña or knower of the sphere of activity

and that it is distinctly distinguished from prakṛti the material substratum pervading physical existence which manifests as unlimited forms such as deva, human, animal, etc.

In other words recognising the Supreme Lord as the same omnipresent eternal consciousness localised within each and every living entity and realising that it is singular.

Also distinguishing the fact that while all physical bodies decay and perish; the ātma or individual immortal soul does not ever decay or perish because it has an eternal, transcendental nature.

This is confirmed in the Vishnu Purāṇa: VI.VII.LVIII beginning pradhanadi viseshantam meaning: “the undecaying within the decaying”.

One who correctly comprehends the ātma in this manner properly perceives reality.

But one who thinks that the ātma is subject to birth and death and that it is modifiable and variable like the forms of living entities which are always changing;

then such a person will always remained confined in samsāra or the perpetual cycle of birth and death in material existence.

Portrait of Madhvācārya

Madhvācārya · Dvaita

Madhva BhāṣyaSanskritEnglish

On verses 13.26–13.28

“पुनश्च प्रकृतिपुरुषेश्वरस्य अस्सं साम्यादिधर्मयुतमाह - यावत् इत्यादिना ॥” - After telling all that is related to Dharma, Sri Krishna speaks again of the form of Purusha and Prakriti.

Portrait of Madhvācārya

Madhvācārya · Dvaita

Gītā Tātparya NirṇayaSanskritEnglish

On verses 13.26–13.28

“क्षेत्रक्षेत्रज्ञसंयोगात् इत्यत्र क्षेत्रं श्रीः - मम योनीर्महद् ब्रह्म तस्मिन् गर्भं दधाम्यहम् ॥ इति वक्ष्यामाणात् ॥” – In the combined existence of the form and the essence, the form is the resplendent Sri Devi, thus having been later.

“अव्यक्तं च महद् ब्रह्म प्रधानं क्षेत्रमित्यपि । उच्यते श्रीः सदा विष्णोः प्रिया निर्दोषचिद्दना । सा हि न व्यज्यते विष्णुरत्र क्षेति महागुणा । जीवोत्तमा च तेनैतैः शब्दैरेकाऽभिधीयते ॥ महान् ब्रह्मा जीवमहान् पारामात् प्रेरिता क्रियाः । अहं कर्तेति येनायं जीवो संस्यात्यै शिवः । अहङ्कार इति प्रोक्तो जीवाहङ्कृतिकृत् यतः । उमा बुद्धिरिति ज्ञेयो शब्दादिज्ञानदा यतः । मतिदो मन उद्दिष्ट इन्द्रः स्कन्दोऽपि तत्सुतः । श्रोत्रं तु श्रावयश्चन्द्रः स्पर्शो वायुमुतो मरुत । चक्षुः सूर्यश्चक्षयति जिह्वा वारिपतिहृतेः । अश्विनौ प्राणमाघ्रातेवाग्निर्वचनादपि । हस्तौ वायुमुतो ज्ञेयो मरुतो हानिलाभयोः । पादौ तु विष्णुनाऽऽविष्टौ यज्ञशंभू शचिमुतो । पवनादेव पायुश्च भुक्तस्यैवाप्यवाद् यमः । सन्तत्युपस्थितिकृतैरुपस्थः सशिवो मनुः । विनायकस्तथाऽऽकाशो निरावृत्या प्रकाशनात् । प्रधानवायुजो भूतवायुर्नाम्ना मरीचिकः । अग्निश्च पृथिवी चैव प्रसिद्धौ वरुणो जलम् । अदनात्मनाज्जन्मलयहेतोस्तथाऽभिधाः । शब्दाद्याः पञ्च शिवजाः शब्दनात् स्पर्शनादपि । रूपणाद् रसनाश्चैव गन्धनाच्च तथाऽभिधाः । सुखं धृतिश्चेतना च सुखनाद् विधुतेरपि । चेतोनेतृत्वतस्यैव मुख्यवायुः सरस्वती । श्रीश्चेच्छा चैव सा वायोः पत्नी त्वेवं धृतिर्मता । इच्छादानात् सैवेच्छा स्थानभेदात् देवताः । पृथक् पृथक् च कथ्यन्ते लक्ष्म्या उदिता अपि । दुःखद्वेषौ कलिश्चैव द्वापरो ब्रह्मणः सुतौ । प्रवरावसुराणां तौ सङ्घातचेतना परे । एतैर्गभिमतं यज्ञं तत्तनान्माऽभिधीयते । चेतनाचेतनं त्वेतत् सर्वे क्षेत्रमितीरितम् । एतस्मात् क्षीणमेतेन त्रातमित्यथवा पुनः । इच्छाद्यानां क्षेत्रान्मामपि नामान्तरं स्मृतम् । विकारा इति यस्मात् ते विशेषविकृतिस्थिताः । विशेषात् क्रियते यस्माद् विकारः कार्यमन्तिमम् । विगतं करणं वाऽत्र पुननाशमृते यतः । तत्सम्बन्धाद् विकाराख्या इच्छाद्या अभिमानिनः । एतत् सर्वे सर्वदैव निर्दोषेणैव चक्षुषा । प्रेरयेनैव जानाति यतः क्षेत्रज्ञो हरिस्ततः ॥ इति च ॥” – The unmanifest form of the Great Brahman is primarily the क्षेत्र - field. Sri Devi (Lakshmi) as the embodiment of pure consciousness, is spoken as eternally dear to Sri Vishnu. She never disintegrates, hence is the basis, foundation of immense potentiality for Sri Vishnu. Bearing superior to all जीवात्माऽ, she is expressed singularly as Sri. Energized by her, the Great Brahma, the best among the जीवात्माऽ, engages in creation.

Having said by her - I create जीवात्माऽ begets अहङ्कार, the form of 'I' from Shiva, intellect from Uma, the knowledge of the Word, mind from Indra, Skanda and Aniruddha, the touch to feel from Marut the son of Vayu, the eyes to see from the Sun, the tongue to taste from Varuna, nose to smell the pleasant and the unpleasant from Ashwin, Vak to speak from Agni, hands as the instruments of Maruts, the feet activated by the children of Shachi, born of the Sacrifice. Yama is Payu, since he expels, discharges the things eaten. Shiva and Manu being the progenitors are known as Upastha, the establishers. Since He removes the obstructions from people Vinayaka is known as Akasha, the space. Marichika, the son of the Primal Breath is known as earthly wind. Agni and Prithivi are the respective presiding deities for fire-principle and sustaining capacity of the earth; Yama, as the Lord of the Waters, is the presiding deity of birth and death. Five sons of Shiva are the presiding deities of Shabda, the sound etc. being associated with them. Primal Breath is known as happiness, Sarswati as vigour and Sri Devi as consciousness and will, being associated with those attributes. Like Saraswati Vayu's spouse is also known as vigour. According to the circumstances Sri Devi is known by other names as well, even though she is referred to as consciousness and will. Similarly the other gods as well, because of the circumstances of each case. Kali presides over misery and hatred; Dwapara presiding over hate. Both are born of the four-faced Brahma. Kali is more powerful among asuras. In this manner each of the deities is presiding over their respective attributes. All the animate and inanimate constituents are known as क्षेत्र, the field. Because it is the place of abiding (क्षिति) of the Resplendent Lord, it is known as the क्षेत्र. Or since at the time of the dissolution of the cycle He destroys (क्षीणीति) the animate and inanimate world, and similarly at the time of creation, recreates (त्राति), He is known as क्षेत्र. With modifications of the इच्छा the desire it is also known as the क्षेत्र. These modifications are considered as special because of they being the establishments of the distinctive attributes. The action creates something special, therefore, it is known as distinctive modification. The resultant object does not cause any modification or destruction of the original, therefore, with their association the will and the other modifications become the respective presiding deities. Since all these are seen by the Lord with flawless eye, and is known to energize them, Hari is known as the क्षेत्रज्ञ, the knower of the field.

“यस्यात्मा शरीरम् इत्यादिश्रुतेश्चेतनस्यापि इदं शरीरं कौन्तेय इति शरीरत्वोक्तिर्युज्यते ॥ सच्चं जीवः क्वचित् प्रोक्तः क्वचित् सच्चं जनार्दनः | सच्चं नाम गुण क्वापि क्वचित् साधुत्वमुच्यते ॥ इति शब्दनिर्णये ॥ तयोरन्यः पिप्पलं स्वाहतीनि सच्चम् इति च पैडगी श्रुतिः | जनी प्रादुर्भावे इति धातोर्जीवस्यापि शरीरे व्यक्त्यपेक्षया जनीर्युज्यते ॥” - Even though the scripture says this self is the body, suggesting consciousness to the body, since it has also been said in idam shariram kaunteya, the body does not become the field, thus in Shabda Nirnaya Text. “satva is sometimes spoken as Jiva and sometimes Janardan is referred to as satva. satva as the attribute of nobility is also referred in other cases, thus in Paingi Scripture – “One relishes the fruit of the Peul tree, therefore he is referred to as satva”. Being manifested as one born, the Jiva is also said to have been born in the body.

“जीवेषु दुःखयोगादिरूपेण विनश्यत्स्वप्यतथाभूतम् - दुःखयोगादिरूपेण जीवेषु विनश्यत्स्वपि | दुःखयोगादिरहितं सर्वजीवेष्वपि स्थितः | गुणैः सर्वैः समो नित्यं न हीनो हीनगाप्यपि सन् | इति पश्यति यो विष्णुं स एव न तामो व्रजेत् ॥ इति पादमे ॥” - In creation Jiva sees destruction etc. associated with misery. “As the form of misery, the Jiva perceives his self and devoid of miseries he experiences the Lord dwelling in all Jivaas with attributes similar in all creatures, not being lower even when in the lower. He who perceives Sri Vishnu in this manner, to him, verily, there arises no delusion”, thus in Padma Purana.

Portrait of Jñāneśvar

Jñāneśvar · Vārkarī

English

27 "Evenly abiding within all beings, the Highest Lord, not liable to destruction in the midst of objects that meet their destruction: Him, who so perceives as such truly perceives. (1057)

The fabric is not the yarn itself, yet it is made perceptible through the yarn; in that way must be viewed the unity of Kshetra and Kshetrajna with a deep insight. All the beings emanate from only one common Source (they are made of the same stuff) but individual organisms derive varying traits (hence arise differences) and you should get experience of it. These beings have got different names as also different ways of conducting themselves and different forms and colours. Were you, Oh Kiriti, to give scope for distinction in view of these diversities, you would not be able to get out of this worldly life even after (passing through) crores of births. Just as the gourd creeping-plant bears fruit of different forms—some long, some crooked, some round, etc. serving different purposes, or just as jujube fruit whether of normal (spherical) or regular shape are all of one jujube tree, in that way even though beings be of different forms and moulds, yet their common origin — the Supreme Self — is simple and uniform. Even though there be numerous and different particles of fire, yet the heat in them all is the same: in that way at the core of the aggregate of multiformed beings abides the Supreme Soul. Even though the rainshowers are spread all over the sky, yet the water in them all, Oh Warrior, is the same; in the same way the soul although abiding separately in different forms of beings is only one and the same. Even though the groups of beings are different in form and colour from one another, yet the (Supreme) Soul abiding in them is one and the same, in the way the sky (space) appears different in different pots and hermitages and is yet one and the same. Even though the armlet and other ornaments are of different forms and fashions (changing from time to time), the fineness of gold in them is never changed; in that way, the indwelling soul is imperishable even though the illusive aggregate of beings, within whom he dwells, perishes. One who realises that the Supreme Self is entirely aloof from the natural properties of the being, yet not distinct from the being itself — such a one should be known (as a seer) to be possessed of good eyes amongst men of knowledge, such a one is the very 'eye of knowledge'—one with the best vision amongst those possessed of the power of vision, Oh Head amongst the warriors, and this is not only a formal praise; such a one is really very lucky.

Swami Ramsukhdas · Modern

English

'Samaṁ sarveṣu bhūteṣu'—It means, that the Lord abides equally in all beings, moving or unmoving, of various sizes, colours

and forms, endowed with Sattva, Raja and Tama, modes of nature.

The Lord, in the second verse of this chapter declared, 'Know Me as the Knower of the field (Kṣetrajñā) in all fields (Kṣetras)'. As the Lord identifying Himself with the spirit (Kṣetrajñā), there said, that He is the spirit in all the bodies, here also points out that He abides, equally in all beings.

'Tiṣṭhantam'—All beings undergo birth, life and dissolution; they are born in the cosmic dawn and dissolve in the cosmic night. They are born in various species. In other words, they are always circulating. They do not remain constant, even for a moment. But the Lord remains constant, uniform and the same, in all these revolving beings.

'Parameśvaram'—God, is the Supreme Lord, of all beings who regard themselves as the Lord of someone or the other. He is the supreme Lord, of the entire creation, sentient or insentient.

'Vinaśyatsvavināśyantam yaḥ paśyati sa paśyati'—He truly sees, who perceives the imperishable Supreme Lord, the same, without any modifications, in all perishable beings. It means, that he who sees his own self, identified with a body does not see truly, while he who sees his self, identified with the Lord, sees truly.

In the second verse of this chapter, the Lord declared, 'It is the knowledge of Kṣetra (prakṛti or matter) and Kṣetrajñā (Puruṣa or Spirit), which I regard as true knowledge.' The same fact, has been mentioned by the Lord here, when He declares, 'He alone truly sees, who realises the Supreme Lord, as imperishable and abiding equally, in all perishable beings.' It means, that in the union of Kṣetra (Matter) and Kṣetrajñā (Spirit), Kṣetra ever undergoes modifications, while Kṣetrajñā always remains the same. Similarly, all beings are born and then their bodies perish, but the Supreme Lord, ever remains the same, in all conditions and circumstances.

In the preceding (twenty-sixth) verse, the Lord explained that whatever being is born, know it as emanated, from the

Versc 27]

union of Kṣetra, and Kṣetrajña. Out of the two the Kṣetra ever undergoes modification, while there is no modification at all in the Kṣetrajña. So a striver, should realize this fact, that matter is constantly separating, from the self. In this verse, the Lord explains, that a striver should realize his identity with the Supreme Lord, Who is imperishable and Who abides, equally in all perishable beings.

Appendix—As in the sky sometimes there is light of the sun, sometimes it is dark, sometimes there is a cloud of smoke, sometimes the sky is overcast, sometimes there is lightning and thundering, sometimes it rains, sometimes it hails and sometimes different kinds of sounds are produced, but the sky does not undergo any change; it remains the same—untainted, unaffected and immutable. Similarly in the omnipresent Entity sometimes there is new creation and final annihilation, sometimes there is creation and annihilation, sometimes there is birth and death, sometimes there is famine, sometimes there is flood, sometimes there is an earthquake, sometimes there is a terrifying war but there is no difference in that Entity. There may be a lot of topsyturvydom but that Entity ever remains the same—untainted and immutable. This immutability is natural while modifications (attachment) are unnatural and assumed. A person may be bound or liberated, he may be sinful or virtuous, this immutable Entity prevails equally in both of them.

As the Ganges flows continuously but the bedrock, over which it flows, ever remains fixed. Sometimes the water of the Ganges is pure and clean, sometimes it is mixed with dust; sometimes water is lessened while sometimes it is in flood, sometimes the water becomes warm, sometimes it is cool; sometimes the speedy flow of water causes sound, sometimes it becomes calm. But the bedrock remains as if is, it does not undergo any change. Similarly sometimes there are fish in water, sometimes creatures such as snakes etc., come flowing, sometimes planks or beams come swimming, sometimes flowers appear flowing, sometimes rubbish, filth and dung etc., appear flowing, sometimes a dead

body seems floating and sometimes a living person comes swimming. They all appear and disappear but the foundation stone remains the same fixed, unaffected and immutable. Similarly space, time, objects, persons, actions, states, circumstances and incidents etc., are continuously changing but the Self (divine Entity) ever remains immovable. All changes and destruction occur in space and time etc., but not in the self.

'Yaḥ paśyati sa paśyati'—This expression in the fifth verse of the fifth chapter has been used about the means and here in this verse it has been used for the end (perfection). The same fact will be pointed out ahead in the sixteenth verse of the eighteenth chapter by the negative inference that he who looks upon the pure Self as the doer, that man of perverse understanding, does not see right—'na sa paśyati durmatiḥ'.

*Link:—In the next verse, the Lord declares the reward of the vision of a person, who sees the Lord, as imperishable and abiding, equally in all beings.*

Portrait of Ādi Śaṅkarācārya

Ādi Śaṅkarācārya · Advaita

Sanskrit

समं निर्विशेषं तिष्ठन्तं स्थितिं कुर्वन्तम्; क्व? सर्वेषु समस्तेषु भूतेषु ब्रह्मादिस्थावरान्तेषु प्राणिषु; कम्? परमेश्वरं देहेन्द्रियमनोबुद्ध्यव्यक्तात्मनः अपेक्ष्य परमेश्वरः, तं सर्वेषु भूतेषु समं तिष्ठन्तम् । तानि विशिनष्टि विनश्यत्सु इति, तं च परमेश्वरं अविनश्यन्तं इति, भूतानां परमेश्वरस्य च अत्यन्तवैलक्षण्यप्रदर्शनार्थम् । कथम्? सर्वेषां हि भावविकाराणां जनिलक्षणः भावविकारो मूलम्; जन्मोत्तरकालभाविनः अन्ये सर्वे भावविकाराः विनाशान्ताः; विनाशात् परो न कश्चित् अस्ति भावविकारः, भावाभावात् । सति हि धर्मिणि धर्माः भवन्ति । अतः अन्त्यभावविकाराभावानुवादेन पूर्वभाविनः सर्वे भावविकाराः प्रतिषिद्धाः भवन्ति सह कार्यैः । तस्मात् सर्वभूतैः वैलक्षण्यं अत्यन्तमेव परमेश्वरस्य सिद्धम्, निर्विशेषत्वं एकत्वं च । यः एवं यथोक्तं परमेश्वरं पश्यति, सः पश्यति ॥ ननु सर्वोऽपि लोकः पश्यति, किं विशेषणेन इति । सत्यं पश्यति; किं तु विपरीतं पश्यति । अतः विशिनष्टि -- स एव पश्यतीति । यथा तिमिरदृष्टिः अनेकं चन्द्रं पश्यति, तमपेक्ष्य एकचन्द्रदर्शी विशिष्यते -- स एव पश्यतीति; तथा इहापि एकं अविभक्तं यथोक्तं आत्मानं यः पश्यति, सः विभक्तानेकात्मविपरीतदर्शिभ्यः विशिष्यते -- स एव पश्यतीति । इतरे पश्यन्तोऽपि न पश्यन्ति, विपरीतदर्शित्वात् अनेकचन्द्रदर्शिवत् इत्यर्थः ॥ यथोक्तस्य सम्यग्दर्शनस्य फलवचनेन स्तुतिः कर्तव्या इति श्लोकः आरभ्यते --

Portrait of Ādi Śaṅkarācārya

Ādi Śaṅkarācārya · Advaita

Hindi

'न स भूयोऽभिजायते' इस कथनसे पूर्णज्ञानका फल, अविद्या आदि संसारके बीजोंकी निवृत्तिद्वारा पुनर्जन्मका अभाव बतलाया गया तथा अविद्याजनित क्षेत्र और क्षेत्रज्ञके संयोगको जन्मका कारण बतलाया गया। इसलिये उस अविद्याको निवृत्ति करनेवाला पूर्ण ज्ञान, यद्यपि पहले कहा जा चुका है तो भी दूसरे शब्दोंमें फिर कहा जाता है—

(जो पुरुष) ब्रह्मासे लेकर स्थावरपर्यन्त समस्त प्राणियोंमें समभावसे स्थित—(व्याप्त) हुए परमेश्वरको अर्थात् शरीर, इन्द्रिय, मन, बुद्धि, अव्यक्त और आत्माकी अपेक्षा जो परम ईश्वर है, उस परमेश्वरको सब भूतोंमें समभावसे स्थित देखता है।

यहाँ भूतोंसे परमेश्वरकी अत्यन्त विलक्षणता दिखलानेके निमित्त भूतोंके लिये विनाशशील और परमेश्वरके लिये अविनाशी विशेषण देते हैं।

पू०—इससे परमेश्वरकी विलक्षणता कैसे सिद्ध होती है ?

उ०—सभी भावविकारोंका जन्मरूप, भावविकार मूल है। अन्य सब भावविकार जन्मके पीछे होनेवाले और विनाशमें समाप्त होनेवाले हैं। भावका अभाव हो जानेके कारण विनाशके पश्चात् कोई भी भावविकार नहीं रहता, क्योंकि धर्मोंके रहते ही धर्म रहते हैं।

इसलिये अन्तिम भाव-विकारके अभावका (‘अविनश्यन्तम्’ इस पदके द्वारा) अनुवाद करनेसे पहले होनेवाले सभी भाव-विकारोंका कार्यके सहित प्रतिषेध हो जाता है ।

सुतरां (उपर्युक्त वर्णनसे) परमेश्वरकी सब भूतोंसे अत्यन्त ही विलक्षणता तथा निर्विशेषता और एकता भी सिद्ध होती है । अतः जो इस प्रकार उपर्युक्त भावसे परमेश्वरको देखता है वही देखता है ।

पू०—सभी लोग देखते हैं फिर ‘वही देखता है’ इस विशेषणसे क्या प्रयोजन है ?

उ०—ठीक है, (अन्य सब भी) देखते हैं परंतु विपरीत देखते हैं, इसलिये वह विशेषण दिया गया है कि वही देखता है ।

जैसे कोई तिमिर-रोगसे दूषित हुई दृष्टिवाला अनेक चन्द्रमाओंको देखता है, उसकी अपेक्षा एक चन्द्र देखनेवालेकी यह विशेषता बतलायी जाती है कि वही ठीक देखता है । वैसे ही यहाँ भी जो आत्माको उपर्युक्त प्रकारसे विभागरहित एक देखता है, उसकी अलग-अलग अनेक आत्मा देखनेवाले विपरीतदर्शियोंकी अपेक्षा यह विशेषता बतलायी जाती है कि वही ठीक-ठीक देखता है ।

अभिप्राय यह है कि दूसरे सब अनेक चन्द्र देखनेवालेकी भाँति विपरीत भावसे देखनेवाले होनेके कारण, देखते हुए भी वास्तवमें नहीं देखते

Portrait of Jñāneśvar

Jñāneśvar · Vārkarī

Marathi

पैं पटत्व तंतु नव्हे । तरी तंतूसीचि तें आहे । ऐसां खोलीं डोळां पाहें । ऐक्य हें गा ॥ १०५७ ॥ भूतें आघवींचि होती । एकाचीं एक आहाती । परी तूं प्रतीती । यांची घे पां ॥ १०५८ ॥ यांचीं नामेंही आनानें । अनारिसीं वर्तनें । वेषही सिनाने । आघवेयांचे ॥ १०५९ ॥ ऐसें देखोनि किरीटी । भेद सूसी हन पोटीं । तरी जन्माचिया कोटी । न लाहसी निघों ॥ १०६० ॥ पैं नानाप्रयोजनशीळें । दीर्घें वक्रें वर्तुळें । होती एकाचींच फळें । तुंबिणीयेचीं ॥ १०६१ ॥ होतु कां उजू वांकुडें । परी बोरीचे हें न मोडे । तैसी भूतें अवघडें । परी वस्तु उजू ॥ १०६२ ॥ अंगारकणीं बहुवसीं । उष्णता समान जैशी । तैसा नाना जीवराशीं । परेशु असे ॥ १०६३ ॥ गगनभरी धारा । परी पाणी एकचि वीरा । तैसा या भूताकारा । सर्वांगीं तो ॥ १०६४ ॥ हें भूतग्राम विषम । परी वस्तू ते एथ सम । घटमठीं व्योम । जिंयापरी ॥ १०६५ ॥ हा नाशतां भूताभासु । एथ आत्मा तो अविनाशु । जैसा केयूरादिकीं कसु । सुवर्णाचा ॥ १०६६ ॥ एवं जीवधर्महीनु । जो जीवेंसीं अभिन्नु । देख तो सुनयनु । ज्ञानियांमाजीं ॥ १०६७ ॥ ज्ञानाचा डोळा डोळसां- । माजीं डोळसु तो वीरेशा । हे स्तुति नोहे बहुवसा । भाग्याचा तो ॥ १०६८ ॥

Portrait of Jñāneśvar

Jñāneśvar · Vārkarī

Hindi

(13.1058) वस्त्र यद्यपि तन्तु नहीं है तथापि वह तन्तु से ही व्याप्त है। इस प्रकार सूक्ष्म दृष्टि से ईश्वर और सृष्टि की एकता समझनी चाहिए (13.1059) प्राणी बहुत हैं, एक से एक उत्पन्न होते हैं, परन्तु प्राणियों का अनुभव अलग-अलग हैं।

(13.1060) इनके नाम भी अलग-अलग हैं, व्यापार भी अलग-अलग हैं, और सब के रूप भी जुदे-जुदे हैं —

(13.1061) यह देख कर हे किरीटी! यदि तुम अपने मन में भेद रखो तो कोटि जन्म तक यहाँ से बाहर न निकल सकोगे।

(13.1062) जैसे एक ही तूँबी के लम्बे, टेढ़े, गोल, और अनेक प्रकार के उपयोग में आनेवाले फल होते हैं,

(13.1063) वे सरल हों या टेढ़े हों परन्तु जैसे वे बेर के नहीं कहे जाते, वैसे ही भूत औघट हैं परन्तु ब्रह्म सरल है।

(13.1064) अनेक अंगारों के कणों में उष्णता जैसे समान ही रहती है, वैसे ही अनेक जीवराशियों में परमेश्वर समान है।

(13.1065) आकाश-भर में वर्षा की धाराएँ बहती हैं, परन्तु हे वीर! पानी जैसे एक ही है, वैसे ही इन भूताकारों के सर्वांग में परमेश्वर है।

(13.1066) ये प्राणी भिन्न हैं परन्तु ब्रह्म समान है, जैसे घट और मठ में आकाश समान है। (13.1067) इस भूताभास का नाश होता है, परन्तु आत्मा अविनाशी बना रहता है, जैसे केयूर इत्यादि अलंकारों में सोने का कस बना रहता है;

(13.1068) एवं जीव-धर्म-रहित ब्रह्म को जो जीवों से अभिन्न देखता है वह ज्ञानियों में उत्तम ज्ञानी है।

(13.1069) हे वीरेश! वह ज्ञानियों का नेत्र है और नेत्रवानों में नेत्रवान् है। यह स्तुति नहीं, वह अत्यन्त भाग्यवान् है।

Portrait of Sri Udiya Baba

Sri Udiya Baba · Modern

Hindi

संगति— अब यह बतलाते हैं कि यथार्थ देखने वाला कौन है—

भावार्थ— जो सम्पूर्ण भूतों में समान भाव से स्थित और उनका नाश होने पर भी अविनाशी रहने वाले परमेश्वर को देखता है वही वास्तव में देखता है।

व्याख्या— जो सम्पूर्ण भूतों में परमात्मा को स्थित देखता है वही यथार्थ देखता है। जैसे घट में वास्तव में मिट्टी ही है, घट की उत्पत्ति, स्थिति और नाश तीनों कालों में मिट्टी के सिवा और कुछ नहीं है। अतः घट का नाश होने पर भी मिट्टी का नाश नहीं होता। इसी प्रकार ज्ञान-दृष्टि से जो सम्पूर्ण भूतों का नाश होने पर भी आत्मा का नाश नहीं देखता अथवा जो ऐसा देखता है कि कार्य का ध्वंस उसका नाश नहीं है, अपितु उसमें कारण-बुद्धि हो जाना ही उसका नाश है। घट का न रहना उसका नाश नहीं है अपितु उसमें मृत्तिकाबुद्धि हो जाना ही घट का नाश है, क्योंकि मृत्तिका से भिन्न घट की अपनी कोई सत्ता नहीं है, इसी प्रकार जो आत्मा से भिन्न भूतों की सत्ता नहीं देखता वही यथार्थ देखता है। जो उनकी भिन्न सत्ता देखता है वह तो नेत्रहीन है।

Swami Ramsukhdas · Modern

Hindi

‘समं सर्वेषु भूतेषु’—परमात्माको सम्पूर्ण प्राणियोंमें सम कहनेका तात्पर्य है कि सभी प्राणी विषम हैं अर्थात् स्थावर-जंगम हैं, सात्त्विक-राजस-तामस हैं, आकृतिसे छोटे-बड़े, लम्बे-चौड़े हैं, नाना वर्णवाले हैं—इस प्रकार तरह-तरहके जितने भी प्राणी हैं, उन सब प्राणियोंमें परमात्मा समरूपसे स्थित हैं। वे परमात्मा किसीमें छोटे-बड़े, कम-ज्यादा नहीं हैं।

पहले इसी अध्यायके दूसरे श्लोकमें भगवान्ने क्षेत्रज्ञके साथ अपनी एकता बताते हुए कहा था कि तू सम्पूर्ण प्राणियोंमें क्षेत्रज्ञ मेरेको समझ, उसी बातको यहाँ कहते हैं कि सम्पूर्ण प्राणियोंमें परमात्मा समरूपसे स्थित हैं।

**‘तिष्ठन्तम्’**—सम्पूर्ण प्राणी उत्पत्ति, स्थिति और प्रलय—इन तीन अवस्थाओंमें जाते हैं; सर्ग-प्रलय, महासर्ग-महाप्रलयमें जाते हैं; ऊँच-नीच गतियोंमें, योनियोंमें जाते हैं अर्थात् सभी प्राणी किसी भी क्षण स्थिर नहीं रहते। परन्तु परमात्मा उन सब अस्थिर प्राणियोंमें नित्य-निरन्तर एकरूपसे स्थित रहते हैं।

**‘परमेश्वरम्’**—सभी प्राणी अपनेको किसी-न-किसीका ईश्वर अर्थात् मालिक मानते ही रहते हैं; परन्तु परमात्मा उन सभी प्राणियोंके तथा सम्पूर्ण जड़-चेतन संसारके परम ईश्वर हैं।

**‘विनश्यत्स्वविनश्यन्तं यः पश्यति स पश्यति’**—प्रतिक्षण विनाशकी तरफ जानेवाले प्राणियोंमें विनाशरहित,

सदा एकरूप रहनेवाले परमात्माको जो निर्विकार देखता है, वही वास्तवमें सही देखता है। तात्पर्य है कि जो परिवर्तनशील शरीरके साथ अपने-आपको देखता है, उसका देखना सही नहीं है; किन्तु जो सदा ज्यों-के-त्यों रहनेवाले परमात्माके साथ अपने-आपको अभिन्नरूपसे देखता है, उसका देखना ही सही है।

पहले इसी अध्यायके दूसरे श्लोकमें भगवान्ने कहा था कि क्षेत्र और क्षेत्रज्ञका ज्ञान ही मेरे मतमें ज्ञान है, उसी बातको यहाँ कहते हैं कि जो नष्ट होनेवाले प्राणियोंमें परमात्माको नाशरहित और सम देखता है, उसका देखना (ज्ञान) ही सही है। तात्पर्य है कि जैसे क्षेत्र और क्षेत्रज्ञके संयोगमें क्षेत्रमें तो हरदम परिवर्तन होता है, पर क्षेत्रज्ञ ज्यों-का-त्यों ही रहता है, ऐसे ही सम्पूर्ण प्राणी उत्पन्न और नष्ट होते हैं, पर परमात्मा सब अवस्थाओंमें समानरूपसे स्थित रहते हैं।

पीछेके (छब्बीसवें) श्लोकमें भगवान्ने यह बताया कि जितने भी प्राणी पैदा होते हैं, वे सभी क्षेत्र और क्षेत्रज्ञके संयोगसे ही पैदा होते हैं। परन्तु उन दोनोंमें क्षेत्र तो किसी भी क्षण स्थिर नहीं रहता और क्षेत्रज्ञ एक क्षण भी नहीं बदलता। अतः क्षेत्रज्ञसे क्षेत्रका जो निरन्तर वियोग हो रहा है, उसका अनुभव कर ले। इस (सत्ताईसवें) श्लोकमें भगवान् यह बताते हैं कि उत्पन्न और नष्ट होनेवाले सम्पूर्ण विषम प्राणियोंमें जो परमात्मा नाशरहित और समानरूपसे स्थित रहते हैं, उनके साथ अपनी एकताका अनुभव कर ले।

**परिशिष्ट भाव**—जैसे आकाशमें कभी सूर्यका प्रकाश फैल जाता है, कभी अंधेरा छा जाता है, कभी धुआँ छा जाता है, कभी काले-काले बादल छा जाते हैं, कभी बिजली चमकती है, कभी वर्षा होती है, कभी ओले गिरते हैं, कभी तरह-तरहके शब्द होते हैं, गर्जना होती है; परन्तु आकाशमें कोई फर्क नहीं पड़ता। वह ज्यों-का-त्यों निलिप्त-निर्विकार रहता है। ऐसे ही सर्वत्र परिपूर्ण सत्तामें कभी महासर्ग और महाप्रलय होता है, कभी सर्ग और प्रलय होता है, कभी जन्म और मृत्यु होती है, कभी अकाल पड़ता है, कभी बाढ़ आती है, कभी भूचाल आता है, कभी घमासान युद्ध होता है; परन्तु सत्तामें कोई फर्क नहीं पड़ता। कितनी ही उथल-पुथल हो जाय, पर सत्ता ज्यों-की-त्यों निलिप्त-निर्विकार रहती है। यह निर्विकारता स्वाभाविक है, जबकि विकार (संग) कृत्रिम है, माना हुआ है। बद्ध हो या मुक्त, पापी हो या धर्मात्मा, यह निर्विकार सत्ता दोनोंमें समानरूपसे स्थित है।

जैसे, गंगाजी निरन्तर बहती रहती हैं, पर जिसके ऊपर बहती हैं, वह आधारशिला ज्यों-की-त्यों स्थिर रहती है। गंगाजीका जल कभी स्वच्छ होता है, कभी मटमैला होता है। कभी जल कम हो जाता है, कभी बाढ़ आ जाती है। कभी तपे पहाड़पर वर्षा होनेसे जल गरम हो जाता है, कभी ठण्डा हो जाता है। कभी तेज प्रवाहके कारण जल आवाज करने लगता है, कभी शान्त हो जाता है। परन्तु आधारशिला ज्यों-की-त्यों रहती है, उसमें कभी कोई फर्क नहीं पड़ता। इसी तरह कभी जलमें मछलियाँ आ जाती हैं, कभी साँप आदि जन्तु आ जाते हैं, कभी लकड़ीके सिलपट तैरते हुए आ जाते हैं, कभी पुष्प बहते हुए आ जाते हैं, कभी कूड़ा-कचरा आ जाता है, कभी मैला आ जाता है, कभी गोबर आ जाता है, कभी कोई मुर्दा बहता हुआ आ जाता है, कभी कोई जीवित व्यक्ति तैरता हुआ आ जाता है। ये सब तो आकर चले जाते हैं, पर आधारशिला ज्यों-की-त्यों अचल-निर्विकार रहती है। ऐसे ही सम्पूर्ण देश, काल, वस्तु, व्यक्ति, क्रिया, अवस्था, परिस्थिति, घटना आदि निरन्तर बह रही है, पर स्वयं (चिन्मय सत्ता) ज्यों-का-त्यों अचल रहता है। परिवर्तन और विनाश देश, काल आदिमें होता है, स्वयंमें नहीं।

‘यः पश्यति स पश्यति’—ये पद पाँचवें अध्यायके पाँचवें श्लोकमें साधनके विषयमें आये हैं और प्रस्तुत श्लोकमें सिद्धिके विषयमें आये हैं। इसीको आगे अठारहवें अध्यायके सोलहवें श्लोकमें व्यतिरेकरीतिसे कहा गया है कि जो आत्माको कर्ता देखता है, वह दुर्मति ठीक नहीं देखता—‘न स पश्यति दुर्मति’।

सम्बन्ध—अब भगवान् नष्ट होनेवाले सम्पूर्ण प्राणियोंमें अविनाशी परमात्माको देखनेका फल बताते हैं।

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