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Bhagavad Gītā · Chapter 8 · Akṣara Brahma Yoga

प्रयाणकाले मनसाऽचलेन

भक्त्या युक्तो योगबलेन चैव

भ्रुवोर्मध्ये प्राणमावेश्य सम्यक्

स तं परं पुरुषमुपैति दिव्यम्

८.१०

prayāṇakāle manasā'calena

bhaktyā yukto yogabalena caiva|

bhruvormadhye prāṇamāveśya samyak

sa taṃ paraṃ puruṣamupaiti divyam||

Recitation coming soon

Word meanings

सः = he

युक्तः = endowed with devotion

प्रयाणकाले = at the time of departure

अचलेन = unwavering

मनसा = with the mind

= and

योगबलेन = by the power of yoga

भुवोः = of the eyebrows

मध्ये = in the middle

प्राणम् = life-breath

सम्यक् = properly

आवेश्य = having fixed

तम् = that

परम् = the supreme (good)

दिव्यम् = divine

पुरुषम् = Puruṣa

एव = indeed

उपैति = attains

Translation

Having by the power of Yoga firmly held Ni the life-breath in the space between the two i eyebrows even at the time of death, and the contemplating on God with a steadfast mind, W full of devotion, he reaches verily that supreme a divine Purusa (God

Commentary

The commentators seated around this verse

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Portrait of Rāmānuja

Rāmānuja · Viśiṣṭādvaita

English

Whosoever has their mind situated in equanimity, made steady and firm by daily practicing devotional mediation unto the Supreme Lord,

at the time of death is able to direct the life force through the Sushumna channel and fix it at the ajñā cakra between the eyebrows,

and focuses upon the Supreme Lord Krishna intently without deviation or diversion by the power of their meditation –

they achieve communion with the Supreme Lord Himself and attain His association in the eternal spiritual worlds.

The next verse will describe the mode of meditation most suitable for the aspirant of mokṣa or liberation from material bondage.

Portrait of Madhvācārya

Madhvācārya · Dvaita

Madhva BhāṣyaSanskritEnglish

On verses 8.9–8.10

“ध्येयमाह - कवीम् इति | कावीम् सर्वज्ञम् - यः सर्वज्ञः इति हि श्रुति | त्वं कविः सर्ववेदनात्, इति ब्राह्मे | धातारम् - धारणपोषणकर्तारम् | दुधात्र धारणपोषणयोः इति धातोः | धाता विधाता परमोत सन्द्रग्न इति च श्रुतिः | ब्रह्मा स्थाणुः इत्यारभ्य, तस्यउसदास्छिन्ति तदादिष्टफलां गतिम् | इत्यादेश्च मोक्षधर्मे ||” - He speaks about the goal in this verse. kavi is the seer, all knower. ‘He who is all-knower’ thus in Brahma Puraana : “You are kavi, the all-knower, because of your knowing all things”. धातारम् means upholder, sustainer and the performer. धारण, पोषण have the roots दु, धा, and ज, “upholder, sustainer and the form of supreme wisdom”, thus in scriptures. “Commencing with Brahma and Rudra, all with His grace desiring the goal attain their desires”, thus in Moksha Dharma.

“तमसो अव्यक्तात् परतः स्थितम् | तमसः परस्तात् इति | अव्यक्तः वै तमः | परस्ताद्वि सत् ततः इति पिप्पलादशाखायाम् | मृत्युवाव तमः - मृत्युवै तमो ज्योतिरमृतम् इति श्रुतेः ||” - The Supreme Being is inconceivable by mind obscure transcending the manifest as well as the unmanifest - Prakriti.; unmanifest is indistinct, abiding supremely beyond, thus in Pippalada Samhita. Obscurity is verily death and Illumination verily immortality, thus in scriptures.

“वायुज्यादियोगयुक्तानां मृतिकालकर्तव्यमाह विशेषतः - प्रयाणकाल इति | वायुज्यादिरहितानामपि ज्ञानभक्तिवैराग्यसम्पूर्णानां भवत्येव मुक्तिः | तद्वतां त्वीपज्ञानाद्यसम्पूर्णानामपि निपुणानां तद्वलात् कथश्चिद् भवति || इति विशेषः ||” - The performance of actions at the time of death by those whose state (of equanimity being the victory over the breath etc.) is spoken here in this verse. Even for those who are bereft of victory over the breath etc. the full deliverance comes about through Wisdom, communion (Bhakti) and renunciation. Even in the absence of the fullness of Wisdom etc. deliverance comes about on the strength of equanimous attitude alone for these adepts.

“पानेन ते देवकथासुधायाः प्रवृद्धभक्त्या विशदाशया ये | वैराग्यसारं प्रतिलभ्य बोधं यथाऽज्जसा त्वाऽऽपुरकुण्ठधिष्ण्यम् | तथा परे त्वात्मसमाधियोगवलेन जित्वा प्रकृतिं बलिष्ठाम् | त्वामेव धीराः पुरुषं विशन्ते तेषां श्रमः स्यान्तु सेवयते || उक्तं च भागवते ||” - “O Lord ! Partaking the nectar like stories of Yours, prompted by devotion those who are pure in heart, have attained the wisdom which is the result of renunciation and also Yourself who is the dweller of Vaikuntha. While others having, through the method of equanimity of mind, won over the powerful Prakriti, the intelligent persons enter You alone. For them there is effort, not so for those who serve You”, thus in Bhagavat Puraana.

“ये तु तद्भाविता लोक एकान्तित्वं समाश्रिताः | एवदभ्यधिकं तेषां तत् तेजः प्रविशन्त्युत || इति च भागवते |” - “Those persons who propitiate You, taking refuge in single minded attention, attain Your presence, which is far superior to the one attained by others”, thus in Moksha Dharma. “संपूर्णानां भवेन्मोक्षो विरक्तिज्ञानभक्तिभिः | नियमेन तथाऽपीरजयादियुतयोगिनाम् | वश्यत्वान्मनसस्त्वीपत् पूर्वं मप्याते ध्रुवम् ||” - “Through complete observance of renunciation, knowledge and wisdom, deliverance is, surely, assured. But for those attuned to equanimity, deliverance is expeditiously available”, thus in Vyasa Yoga scripture text

Portrait of Madhvācārya

Madhvācārya · Dvaita

Gītā Tātparya NirṇayaSanskritEnglish

On verses 8.9–8.10

“तमसः परस्तात् अप्राकृत देहः |” - तमसः परस्तत् means one who gone beyond the constraints, ignorance caused in the gross body.

Portrait of Jñāneśvar

Jñāneśvar · Vārkarī

English

On verses 8.9–8.10

9 "Whoso would ponder upon that Primal Architect and Law-Giver, subtler than the subtle, the Sustainer of everything, whose form transcends thought, and who is effulgent like the Sun, and on the off-side of darkness: 10 "With steadfast mind, fixed in devotion, and by the power of Yogic practice correctly reposing, at the time of departure, the life-function (Prāna) betwixt the eyebrows: he attains that Person, Supreme and Divine. (86)

He, with tranquil mind, meditates at the time of his death, on the Perfect Brahman,—which is Pure Being without form or space, beyond birth and death, and all-pervading and all-seeing, which was prior to the sky itself, and which is more minute than an atom, and by whose power the Universe moves, which creates all that is visible, on which the entire Universe survives, from which reason turns away, and which is thus beyond the power of thought. It remains invisible darkness to the physical eye, even during day time, in the way the white ants cannot enter into fire, or darkness cannot enter into brilliance. It is Pure Being that is like a heap of pounded, cleaned (crushed) grain in the form of Sun's rays and which is ever an eternal light of seeing to persons that know, and in regard to which rising and setting are meaningless words. He, at the time of his death remembers, meditating with tranquil mind (on) the Supreme Brahman of such flawless and perfect form; and he sits in the position named “Padma” (पद्य) facing north, with his mind imbued with the eternal bliss of the Yoga of active life, and there eagerly awaits to be reabsored, with all his poses of mind united, in the essence of the Supreme Self, as speedily as he can, through his Yoga discipline, make the Sushumnā (name of a nādi or tubular vessel of the body) pass along the middle passage from the Ādhār to the region in the head known as Brahmarandhra; and when the life-wind named ‘Prāna’ enters the sky in the region of the head, he feels as merely an outwardly show, the union of the body and others with the mind; but he sustains himself on the strength of the tranquillity of his mind and gets full with deep devotion; and he exists as one perfect and ready, getting tried by the power of Yogic Discipline. He extinguishes all that is dense as well as subtle in the universe and abides concentrating the life-wind between the eye-brows. In such a tranquil state he leaves behind, his body (unperceived) in the way a light kept shut up under a pot gets extinguished or in the way the (metallic) sound of a bell gets extinguished in the bell itself. Such a one is the very Supreme Brahman. He abides in the form of the Self which is self-same and the very brilliance itself and which is known as the Supreme Male (Person) (परमपुरुष).

Swami Ramsukhdas · Modern

English

'Prayāṇakāle manasācalena bhaktyā yukto yogabalena caiva bhruvormadhye prāṇamāveśya samyak sa tam paraṁ puruṣamupaiti divyam'—Here, devotion stands for attraction for the Lord, and that attraction, is one's own, and is not of mind and intellect, etc. The Yogī contemplates on God, Who is formless and is endowed, with attributes.

By Yogic power, he holding the life-breath, in the space between the two eyebrows, in the principal nerve called 'Suṣumnā' which is situated in the circle with two leaves (Dvidala cakra) (leaving the body through the tenth door, situated in the skull), reaches the Supreme Puruṣa.

'Tam paraṁ puruṣamupaiti divyam'—He attains, the Supreme Divine Lord, Who is formless and is endowed with attributes, as described in the ninth verse.

Whatever, was said in brief, in the eighth verse, has been

explained in detail in the ninth and tenth verses, and thus the topic has been concluded.

In this context, there is a description of the worship of the Lord, Who is formless and is endowed with attributes. There is need for practice, in this worship. This practice, is not meant, for attaining accomplishments (siddhi), but for God-realization. This concentration of mind, on God, at the time of death, is a difficult task, which can be carried out, only by one who has a full command, over his life-breath, and mind.

A striver, should first have a determination that beyond ignorance, there is an unaffected and transcendental divinity—One, Who is the illuminator, base and inspirer, of all the beings. Then, he should love Him from his heart. By doing so, his mind will be concentrated, on Him naturally.

Appendix—The expression ‘bhaktyā yuktah’ means that when a striver’s attachment to the world is wiped out, he has attraction only for God, attraction for anyone else does not remain in him. The worldly people have attraction for ‘aparā’ (lower nature) but he, who having renounced attraction for ‘aparā’, is attracted towards God, becomes a devotee. The worldly people being attached to the body and the world become ‘vibhakta’ viz., separate from God but a striver who remains engrossed in the devotion of God, does not remain ‘vibhakta’ but becomes a ‘bhakta’ (devotee) viz., becomes one with God.

The term ‘yogabalena’ means that because of the past practice of yoga, the state of weakness usually visiting at the time of death cannot cause an obstacle to him, cannot cause any change in him. The strength (power) gained by regulating breath etc., is ‘Yogabala’.

*Link:—In the next verse, Lord Kṛṣṇa explains how to attain the Lord, Who is formless and attributeless.*

Portrait of Ādi Śaṅkarācārya

Ādi Śaṅkarācārya · Advaita

Sanskrit

प्रयाणकाले मरणकाले मनसा अचलेन चलनवर्जितेन भक्त्या युक्तः भजनं भक्तिः तया युक्तः योगबलेन चैव योगस्य बलं योगबलं समाधिजसंस्कारप्रचयजनितचित्तस्थैर्यलक्षणं योगबलं तेन च युक्तः इत्यर्थः, पूर्वं हृदयपुण्डरीके वशीकृत्य चित्तं ततः ऊर्ध्वगामिन्या नाड्या भूमिजयक्रमेण भ्रुवोः मध्ये प्राणम् आवेश्य स्थापयित्वा सम्यक् अप्रमत्तः सन्, सः एवं विद्वान् योगी ``कविं पुराणम्'' (भ. गी. ८-९) इत्यादिलक्षणं तं परं परतरं पुरुषम् उपैति प्रतिपद्यते दिव्यं द्योतनात्मकम् ॥ पुनरपि वक्ष्यमाणेन उपायेन प्रतिपित्सितस्य ब्रह्मणो वेदविद्वदनादिविशेषणविशेष्यस्य अभिधानं करोति भगवान् --

Portrait of Ādi Śaṅkarācārya

Ādi Śaṅkarācārya · Advaita

Hindi

(जो योगी) अन्त समय—मृत्युकालमें भक्ति और योगबलसे युक्त हुआ—अर्थात् भजनका नाम भक्ति है उससे युक्त हुआ और समाधिजनित संस्कारोंके संग्रहसे उत्पन्न हुई चित्तस्थिरताका नाम योगबल है, उससे भी युक्त हुआ, चञ्चलतारहित—अचल मनसे, पहले हृदय-कमलमें चित्तको स्थिर करके, फिर ऊपरकी ओर जानेवाली नाड़ीद्वारा चित्तकी प्रत्येक भूमिको क्रमसे जय करता हुआ भुक्तिके मध्यमें प्राणोंको स्थापन करके भली प्रकार सावधान हुआ (परमात्मस्वरूपका चिन्तन करता है) वह ऐसा बुद्धिमान् योगी 'कविं पुराणम्' इत्यादि लक्षणोंवाले उस दिव्य—चेतनात्मक परम पुरुषको प्राप्त होता है

Portrait of Jñāneśvar

Jñāneśvar · Vārkarī

Marathi

तया अव्यंगवाणेया ब्रह्मातें । प्रयाणकाले प्राप्ते । जो स्थिरावलेनि चित्तें । जाणोनि स्मरे ॥ ९१॥

बाहेरी पद्मासन रचुनी । उत्तराभिमुख बैसोनि । जीवीं सुख सूनि । कर्मयोगाचें ॥ ९२॥

आंतु मिनलेनि मनोधर्मे । स्वरूपप्राप्तीचेनि प्रेमें । आपेंआप संभ्रमें । मिळावया ॥ ९३॥

आकळलेनि योगें । मध्यमा मध्यमार्गे । अग्निस्थानैनि निगे । ब्रह्मरंघ्रा ॥ ९४॥

तेथ अचेत चित्ताचा सांगातु । आहाचवाणा दिसे मांडतु । जेथ प्राण गगनाआंतु । संचरे कां ॥ ९५ ॥

परी मनाचेनि स्थैयैं धरिला । भक्तीचिया भावना भरला । योगबळें आवरला । सज्ज होउनी ॥ ९६॥

तो जडाजडातें विरवितु । भ्रूलतांमाजी संचरतु । जैसा घंटानाद लयस्थु । घंटेसींच होय ॥ ९७॥

कां झांकलिय घटींचा दिवा । नेणिजे काय जाहला केव्हां । या रीती जो पांडवा । देह ठेवी ॥ ९८॥

तो केवळ परब्रह्म । जया परमपुरूष ऐसें नाम । तें माझें निजधाम । होऊनि ठाके ॥ ९९॥

Portrait of Jñāneśvar

Jñāneśvar · Vārkarī

Hindi

(8.91) उस परिपूर्ण ब्रह्म को पहचान कर जो मरणकाल प्राप्त होने के समय एकाग्र चित्त से उसका स्मरण करता है,

(8.92) बाह्यतः पद्मासन लगा कर, उत्तराभिमुख बैठकर, हृदय में कर्मयोग का सुख भरे हुए

(8.93) अन्तर्याम में एकाग्र चित्त से और स्वरूप-प्राप्ति के प्रेम से तत्काल स्वयं निज में मिलने के लिए

(8.94) जो अभ्यास से प्राप्त किये हुए योग के द्वारा सुषुम्ना के मध्य मार्ग से अग्निचक्र से ब्रह्मरन्ध्र की ओर जाता है,

(8.95) जिसके शरीर और चैतन्य का सम्बन्ध ऊपरी ही दिखाई देता है, किन्तु प्राण आकाश में प्रवेश करता है,

(8.96) और मन की स्थिरता से धैर्य-युक्त होते हुए, भक्ति की भावना से भरा हुआ, योगबल से व्याप्त हो सजधज कर

(8.97) जो जड़ाजड़ को विलीन करता है, भृकुटी में प्रवेश करता है, और जैसे घण्टानाद घण्टे में ही लीन हो जाता है.

(8.98) अथवा जैसे घट के नीचे ढका हुआ दीपक न जाने कब कहाँ जाता है उसी प्रकार हे पाण्डव! जो शरीर छोड़ देता है (8.99) वह केवल परब्रह्म, जिसे परमपुरुष कहते हैं, और जो मेरा निजधाम है वही हो रहता है।

Portrait of Sri Udiya Baba

Sri Udiya Baba · Modern

Hindi

On verses 8.9–8.10

भावार्थ— जो पुरुष प्राण-प्रयाण के समय प्राणों को भले प्रकार भ्रूमध्य में स्थापित कर भक्तिपूर्वक और योगबल से एकाग्र मन से उस कवि (सर्वज्ञ), पुरातन, सबके अनुशासक, अणु से भी अणु सबको धारण करने वाले, अचिन्त्य रूप, सूर्य के समान प्रकाशस्वरूप और अज्ञानान्धकार से अतीत परम पुरुष का निरन्तर स्मरण करता है, वह उस दिव्य पुरुष की ही प्राप्त कर लेता है।

व्याख्या— कवि-सब ओर से देखने वाला अथवा प्राणिमात्र के हृदय में विराजमान होकर उनके शुभाशुभ कर्मों को जानने वाला। पुराण-सबका आदिकारण। अनुशासिता—सबका अनुशासन करने वाला, जिसके भय से सूर्य चन्द्रमा आदि भी अपने-अपने व्यापारों में लगे हुए हैं तथा सब के शुभाशुभ कर्मों का फल देने वाला है। अणोरणीयान्—इसके साथ 'महतो महीयान्'—भी समझना चाहिए। अर्थात् जो अणु से अणु और महान् से महान् है। धाता-सबका धारण-पोषण करने वाला। अचिन्त्यरूप—निर्विशेष होने के कारण जिसके स्वरूप का चिन्तन नहीं हो सकता। आदित्यवर्ण—सूर्य के-से वर्णवाला, अर्थात् प्रकाशस्वरूप। तमसः परस्तात्—अन्धकार या अज्ञान से परे। भगवान् अचिन्त्य क्यों है? क्योंकि चिन्तन भाव या अभाव का हो सकता है और वे इन दोनों के आधार हैं, इसलिये अचिन्त्य हैं, किन्तु सगुण रूप में वे चिन्त्य भी हैं। श्री गोसाई जी कहते हैं—

अगुण अनाम अलेख एक रस। राम सगुन भये भगत प्रेम बस॥

उस परम पुरुष का जो स्मरण करता है तथा अन्तकाल में योग बल से इन्द्रियों को वश में करके भोहों के बीच में प्राणों को भले प्रकार स्थित करके निश्चल मन से ध्यान करता है वह उसी को प्राप्त हो जाता है। इस प्रकार का चिन्तन वही कर सकता है जिसने प्राण, बुद्धि को अपने अधीन कर लिया है।

प्रश्न— भूमध्य में प्राण रोकने का क्या आशय है?

उत्तर— यह चित्त को एकाग्र करने की एक प्रक्रिया है। प्राण को रोक कर तो सभी बैठ सकते हैं। परन्तु यहाँ भक्ति-समन्वित योग का वर्णन है। दीर्घकाल से अभ्यास करने वाले का प्राण तो सिद्धासन लगाकर बैठने से ही सुषुम्ना में चला जाता है। उसके पूर्व और पश्चिम दो मार्ग हैं। पश्चिम मार्ग में वायु खुल जाने से तीव्र वैराग्य की जागृति होती है और फिर षट्चक्र भेदन करे समाधि की प्राप्ति होती है। किन्तु पूर्व मार्ग में वायु खुलने से वैराग्य ढीला पड़ जाता है। परमार्थ के तीन मार्ग हैं—योग, भक्ति और ज्ञान। किसी में ये तीनों मार्ग पाये जाते हैं, किन्हीं में दो और किन्हीं में एक ही मार्ग खुलता है।

Swami Ramsukhdas · Modern

Hindi

‘प्रयाणकाले मनसाचलेन ... स तं परं पुरुषमुपैति दिव्यम्’—यहाँ भक्ति नाम प्रियताका है; क्योंकि उस तत्त्वमें प्रियता (आकर्षण) होनेसे ही मन अचल होता है। वह भक्ति अर्थात् प्रियता स्वयंसे होती है, मन-बुद्धि आदिसे नहीं।

अन्तकालमें कवि, पुराण, अनुशासिता आदि विशेषणोंसे (पीछेके श्लोकमें) कहे हुए सगुण-निराकार परमात्मामें भक्तियुक्त मनुष्यका मन स्थिर हो जाना अर्थात् सगुण-निराकार-स्वरूपमें आदरपूर्वक दृढ़ हो जाना ही मनका अचल होना है।

पहले प्राणायामके द्वारा प्राणोंको रोकनेका जो अधिकार प्राप्त किया है, उसका नाम ‘योगबल’ है। उस योगबलके द्वारा दोनों ध्रुवोंके मध्यभागमें स्थित जो द्विदल चक्र है, उसमें स्थित सुषुम्णा नाड़ीमें प्राणोंका अच्छी तरहसे प्रवेश करके वह (शरीर छोड़कर दसवें द्वारसे होकर) दिव्य परम पुरुषको प्राप्त हो जाता है।

‘तं परं पुरुषमुपैति दिव्यम्’ पदोंका तात्पर्य है कि जिस परमात्मतत्त्वका पीछेके (नवें) श्लोकमें वर्णन हुआ है, उसी दिव्य परम सगुण-निराकार परमात्माको वह प्राप्त हो जाता है।

आठवें श्लोकमें जो बात कही गयी थी, उसीको नवें और दसवें श्लोकमें विस्तारसे कहकर इन तीन श्लोकोंके प्रकरणका उपसंहार किया गया है।

**परिशिष्ट भाव—‘भक्त्या युक्तः’** का तात्पर्य है कि संसारकी आसक्ति मिट जानेसे उस साधकका एक परमात्मामें ही आकर्षण रहता है, अन्यमें आकर्षण नहीं रहता। संसारी मनुष्य तो अपरामें आकृष्ट रहते हैं, पर जो अपराको छोड़कर भगवान्में आकृष्ट हो जाता है, वह भक्त हो जाता है। संसारी मनुष्य शरीर-संसारमें आसक्त होनेसे ‘विभक्त’ अर्थात् भगवान्से अलग हो जाते हैं, पर भगवान्में लगा हुआ साधक विभक्त नहीं रहता, प्रत्युत ‘भक्त’ अर्थात् भगवान्से एक (अभिन्न) हो जाता है।

‘योगबलेन’ कहनेका तात्पर्य है कि पहले किये हुए योगाभ्यासके कारण अन्त समयमें होनेवाली अशक्त अवस्था उसको बाधा नहीं पहुँचा सकती, उसमें कोई विकार पैदा नहीं कर सकती। प्राणायाम आदिका बल ‘योगबल’ है।

*सम्बन्ध—अब भगवान् आगेके श्लोकमें निर्गुण-निराकारकी प्राप्तिके उपायका उपक्रम करते हैं।*

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