
Jñāneśvar · Vārkarī
EnglishChapter 14 · 27 verses
The Yoga of the Division of the Three Gunas

Ādi Śaṅkarācārya · Jñāneśvar expands this whole chapterAdvaita · Vārkarī · English · Sanskrit · Marathi · HindiKrishna. Yet farther will I open unto thee This wisdom of all wisdoms, uttermost, The which possessing, all My saints have passed To perfectness. On such high verities Reliant, rising into fellowship With Me, they are not born again at birth Of Kalpas, nor at Pralyas suffer change! This Universe the womb is where I plant Seed of all lives! Thence, Prince of India, comes Birth to all beings! Whoso, Kunti's Son! Mothers each mortal form, Brahma conceives, And I am He that fathers, sending seed! Sattwan, Rajas, and Tamas, so are named The qualities of Nature, "Soothfastness," "Passion," and "Ignorance." These three bind down The changeless Spirit in the changeful flesh. Whereof sweet "Soothfastness," by purity Living unsullied and enlightened, binds The sinless Soul to happiness and truth; And Passion, being kin to appetite, And breeding impulse and propensity, Binds the embodied Soul, O Kunti's Son! By tie of works. But Ignorance, begot Of Darkness, blinding mortal men, binds down Their souls to stupor, sloth, and drowsiness. Yea, Prince of India! Soothfastness binds souls In pleasant wise to flesh; and Passion binds By toilsome strain; but Ignorance, which blots The beams of wisdom, binds the soul to sloth. Passion and Ignorance, once overcome, Leave Soothfastness, O Bharata! Where this With Ignorance are absent, Passion rules; And Ignorance in hearts not good nor quick. When at all gateways of the Body shines The Lamp of Knowledge, then may one see well Soothfastness settled in that city reigns; Where longing is, and ardour, and unrest, Impulse to strive and gain, and avarice, Those spring from Passion--Prince!--engrained; and where Darkness and dulness, sloth and stupor are, 'Tis Ignorance hath caused them, Kuru Chief! Moreover, when a soul departeth, fixed In Soothfastness, it goeth to the place-- Perfect and pure--of those that know all Truth. If it departeth in set habitude Of Impulse, it shall pass into the world Of spirits tied to works; and, if it dies In hardened Ignorance, that blinded soul Is born anew in some unlighted womb. The fruit of Soothfastness is true and sweet; The fruit of lusts is pain and toil; the fruit Of Ignorance is deeper darkness. Yea! For Light brings light, and Passion ache to have; And gloom, bewilderments, and ignorance Grow forth from Ignorance. Those of the first Rise ever higher; those of the second mode Take a mid place; the darkened souls sink back To lower deeps, loaded with witlessness! When, watching life, the living man perceives The only actors are the Qualities, And knows what rules beyond the Qualities, Then is he come nigh unto Me! The Soul, Thus passing forth from the Three Qualities-- Whereby arise all bodies--overcomes Birth, Death, Sorrow, and Age; and drinketh deep The undying wine of Amrit. Arjuna. Oh, my Lord! Which be the signs to know him that hath gone Past the Three Modes? How liveth he? What way Leadeth him safe beyond the threefold Modes? Krishna. He who with equanimity surveys Lustre of goodness, strife of passion, sloth Of ignorance, not angry if they are, Not wishful when they are not: he who sits A sojourner and stranger in their midst Unruffled, standing off, saying--serene-- When troubles break, "These be the Qualities!" He unto whom--self-centred--grief and joy Sound as one word; to whose deep-seeing eyes The clod, the marble, and the gold are one; Whose equal heart holds the same gentleness For lovely and unlovely things, firm-set, Well-pleased in praise and dispraise; satisfied With honour or dishonour; unto friends And unto foes alike in tolerance; Detached from undertakings,--he is named Surmounter of the Qualities! And such-- With single, fervent faith adoring Me, Passing beyond the Qualities, conforms To Brahma, and attains Me! For I am That whereof Brahma is the likeness! Mine The Amrit is; and Immortality Is mine; and mine perfect Felicity! HERE ENDS CHAPTER XIV. OF THE BHAGAVAD-GITA Entitled "Gunatrayavibhagayog," Or "The Book of Religion by Separation from the Qualities."
Edwin Arnold · Poetic (Victorian) — Public domain
Expansions that unfold the whole chapter, not verse by verse

Jñāneśvar · Vārkarī
English
Ādi Śaṅkarācārya · Advaita
Sanskritसर्वं उत्पद्यमानं क्षेत्रक्षेत्रज्ञसंयोगात् उत्पद्यते इति उक्तम् । तत् कथमिति, तत्प्रदर्शनार्थं ``परं भूयः'' इत्यादिः अध्यायः आरभ्यते । अथवा, ईश्वरपरतन्त्रयोः क्षेत्रक्षेत्रज्ञयोः जगत्कारणत्वं न तु साङ्ख्यानामिव स्वतन्त्रयोः इत्येवमर्थम् । प्रकृतिस्थत्वं गुणेषु च सङ्गः संसारकारणं इति उक्तम् । कस्मिन् गुणे कथं सङ्गः? के वा गुणाः? कथं वा ते बध्नन्ति इति? गुणेभ्यश्च मोक्षणं कथं स्यात्? मुक्तस्य च लक्षणं वक्तव्यम्, इत्येवमर्थं च भगवान् उवाच --

Jñāneśvar · Vārkarī
Marathi॥ ॐ श्री परमात्मने नमः ॥ ॥ अथ श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता ॥ । अथ चतुर्दशोऽध्यायः - अध्याय चौदावा । । । गुणत्रयविभागयोगः ।
जय जय आचार्या । समस्तसुरवर्या । प्रज्ञाप्रभातसूर्या । सुखोदया ॥ १ ॥ जय जय सर्व विसांवया । सोहंभावसुहावया । नाना लोक हेलावया । समुद्रा तूं ॥ २ ॥ आइकें गा आर्तबंधू । निरंतरकारुण्यसिंधू । विशदविद्यावधू- । वल्लभा जी ॥ ३ ॥ तू जयांप्रति लपसी । तया विश्व हें दाविसी । प्रकट तैं करिसी । आघवेंचि तूं ॥ ४ ॥ कीं पुढिलाची दृष्टि चोरिजे । हा दृष्टिबंधु निफजे । परी नवल लाघव तुझें । जें आपणपें चोरें ॥ ५ ॥ जी तूंचि तूं सर्वां यया । मा कोणा बोधु कोणा माया । ऐसिया आपेंआप लाघविया । नमो तुज ॥ ६ ॥ जाणों जगीं आप वोलें । तें तुझिया बोला सुरस जालें । तुझेनि क्षमत्व आलें । पृथ्वियेसी ॥ ७ ॥ रविचंद्रादि शुक्ती । उदो करिती त्रिजगतीं । तें तुझिया दीप्ती । तेज तेजां ॥ ८ ॥ चळवळिजे अनिळें । तें दैविकेनि जी निजबळें । नभ तुजमाजीं खेळे । लपीथपी ॥ ९ ॥ किंबहुना माया असोस । ज्ञान जी तुझेनि डोळस । असो वानणें सायास । श्रुतीसि हे ॥ १० ॥ वेद वानूनि तंवचि चांग । जंव न दिसे तुझें आंग । मग आम्हां तया मूग । एके पांती ॥ ११ ॥ जी एकार्णवाचे ठाईं । पाहतां थेंबाचा पाडु नाहीं । मा महानदी काई । जाणिजती ॥ १२ ॥ कां उअदयलिया भास्वतु । चंद्र जैसा खद्योतु । आम्हां श्रुति तुज आंतु । तो पाडु असे ॥ १३ ॥ आणि दुजया थांवो मोडे । जेथ परेशीं वैखरी बुडे । तो तूं मा कोणें तोंडें । वानावासी ॥ १४ ॥ यालागीं आतां । स्तुति सांडूनि निवांता । चरणीं ठेविजे माथा । हेंचि भलें ॥ १५ ॥ तरी तू जैसा आहासि तैसिया । नमो जी श्रीगुरुराया । मज ग्रंथोद्यमु फळावया । वेव्हारा होईं ॥ १६ ॥ आतां कृपाभांडवल सोडीं । भरीं मति माझी पोतडी । करीं ज्ञानपद्य जोडी । थोरा मातें ॥ १७ ॥ मग मी संसरेन तेणें । करीन संतांसी कर्णभूषणें । लेववीन सुलक्षणें । विवेकाचीं ॥ १८ ॥ जी गीतार्थनिधान । काढू माझें मन । सुयीं स्नेहांजन । आपलें तूं ॥ १९ ॥ हे वाक्सृष्टि एके वेळे । देखतु माझे बुद्धीचे डोळे । तैसा उदैजो जो निर्मळें । कारुण्यबिंबें ॥ २० ॥ माझी प्रज्ञावेली वेल्हाळ । काव्यें होय सफळ । तो वसंतु होय स्नेहाळ- । शिरोमणी ॥ २१ ॥ प्रमेय महापूरें । हे मतिगंगा ये थोरें । तैसा वरिष उदारें । दिठीवेनी ॥ २२ ॥ अगा विश्वैकधामा । तुझा प्रसाद चंद्रमा । करूं मज पूर्णिमा । स्फूर्तीची जी ॥ २३ ॥ जी अवलोकिलिया मातें । उन्मेषसागरीं भरितें । वोसंडेल स्फूर्तीतें । रसवृत्तीचें ॥ २४ ॥ तंव संतोषोनि श्रीगुरुराजें । म्हणितलें विनतिव्याजें । मांडिलें देखोनि दुजें । स्तवनमिषें ॥ २५ ॥ हें असो आतां वांजटा । तो ज्ञानार्थ करूनि गोमटा । ग्रंथु दावीं उत्कंठा । भंगो नेदीं ॥ २६ ॥ हो कां जी स्वामी । हेंचि पाहत होतों मी । जे श्रीमुखें म्हणा तुम्ही । ग्रंथु सांग ॥ २७ ॥ सहजें दुर्वेचा डिरु । आंगेंचि तंव अमरु । वरी आला पूरु । पीयूषाचा ॥ २८ ॥ तरी आतां येणें प्रसादें । विन्यासें विदग्धें । मूळशास्त्रपदें । वाखाणीन ॥ २९ ॥ परी जीवा आंतुलीकडे । जैसी संदेहाची डोणी बुडे । ना श्रवणीं तरी चाडे । वाढी दिसे ॥ ३० ॥ तैसी बोली साचारी । अवतरो माझी माधुरी । माले मागूनि घरीं । गुरुकृपेच्या ॥ ३१ ॥ तरी मागां त्रयोदशीं । अध्यायीं गोठी ऐसी । श्रीकृष्ण अर्जुनेंसी । चावळले ॥ ३२ ॥ जे क्षेत्रक्षेत्रज्ञयोगें । होईजे येणें जगें । आत्मा गुणसंगें । संसारिया ॥ ३३ ॥ आणि हाचि प्रकृतिगतु । सुखदुःख भोगीं हेतु । अथवा गुणातीतु । केवळु हा ॥ ३४ ॥ तरी कैसा पां असंगा संगु । कोण तो क्षेत्रक्षेत्रज्ञायोगु । सुखदुःखादि भोगु । केवीं तया ? ॥ ३५ ॥ गुण ते कैसे किती । बांधती कवणे रीती । नातरी गुणातीतीं । चिन्हें काई ? ॥ ३६ ॥ एवं इया आघवेया । अर्था रूप करावया । विषो एथ चौदाविया । अध्यायासी ॥ ३७ ॥ तरी तो आतां ऐसा । प्रस्तुत परियेसा । अभिप्रायो विश्वेशा । वैकुंठाचा ॥ ३८ ॥ तो म्हणे गा अर्जुना । अवधानाची सर्व सेना । मेळऊनि इया ज्ञाना । झोंबावें हो \! ॥ ३९ ॥ आम्हीं मागां तुज बहुतीं । दाविलें हें उपपत्ती । तरी आझुनी प्रतीती- । कुशीं न निघे ॥ ४० ॥

Jñāneśvar · Vārkarī
Hindi(14.1) हे गुरु, हे सकल देवों में श्रेष्ठ, हे बुद्धिरूपी प्रातःकाल के सूर्य, हे आनन्द के उदय करानेहारे! आपका जय-जयकार हो।
(14.2) आप सब के विश्रान्तिस्थान हैं, सोहंभाव के सुशोभित करनेहारे हैं, अथवा लोकरूपी तरंगों के समुद्र हैं। आपका जय-जयकार हो।
(14.3) हे दीनबन्धु, हे निरन्तर दया के सागर, हे शुद्ध-विद्यारूपी वधू के वल्लभ! सुनिए।
(14.4) आप जिन्हें अप्रकट हैं उन्हें यह विश्व ही दिखाई देवा है, परन्तु आप जिन्हें प्रकट होते हैं उन्हें सम्पूर्ण जग आपरूप ही हो जाता है।
(14.5) दूसरों की नजर चुराने की नजरबन्दी संसार में होती है परन्तु आपकी चतुराई कुछ अनोखी है जो आप निज को ही चुरा रखते हैं।
(14.6) अजी, इस संसार में सब आप ही भरे हैं, परन्तु इसमें कोई ज्ञानी है और कोई माया में फंसे हैं। इस प्रकार आप ही जो निजस्वरूप में लीला कर रहे हैं, उन आपको मैं नमस्कार करता हूँ।
(14.7) मैं जानता हूँ कि जगत् में जल की आर्द्रता आपके ही कारण मधुर हुई है। आपके ही कारण पृथ्वी का सहनशीलता प्राप्त हुई है।
(14.8) रवि, चन्द्र इत्यादि आपके सन्मुख सिपाहियों के समान हैं। वे तीनों जगतों का प्रकाशित करते हैं सो आपकी घृति के प्रकाश के कारण।
(14.9) वायु की जो हलचल होती है वह हे देव! आपके ही बल से; और आकाश तो आप ही में लुकालुकी का खेल खेलता है।
(14.10) बहुत क्या कहें, इस सम्पूर्ण माया का ज्ञान आप ही के कारण होता है, तथा आपका वर्णन करने में श्रुति को भी श्रम हुआ है।
(14.11) वर्णन करने में वेदों की चतुराई तभी तक है जब तक आपके स्वरूप का दर्शन नहीं हुआ। दर्शन होते ही उन्हें तथा हमें समान ही मान धारण कर लेना पड़ता है।
(14.12) अजी, सम्पूर्ण जल-मय होने पर प्रलयकाल के मेघों का भी पता नहीं लगता तो फिर महानदियों की खोज कहाँ लग सकती है?
(14.13) अथवा सूर्य के उदय होने पर चन्द्र जैसे खद्योत-सा हो जाता है वही उपमा आपके सामने हमें, और वेदों को दी जा सकती है।
(14.14) जहाँ द्वैत का ठाँव मिट जाता है, जहाँ परा वाणी समेत वैखरी का लोप हो जाता है उन आपका हम किस मुख से वर्णन कर सकते हैं
(14.15) इसलिए अब स्तुति की चेष्टा छोड़ चुपचाप आपके चरणों पर माथा रखना ही भला है।
(14.16) अतएव हे गुरुराज! आप जैसे हों वैसे ही आपको मैं नमस्कार करता हूँ। मेरा ग्रन्थकथनरूपी व्यापार सफल होने के हेतु आप मेरे साहूकार बने।
(14.17) कृपारूपी पूँजी निकाल कर मेरी बुद्धिरूपी थैली में भर दें और मुझे ज्ञान से भरा हुआ काव्य बनाने का महत् लाभ प्राप्त करा दें।
(14.18) इस कृपा से मैं अपनी स्थिति सँभाल लूँगा और सन्तों का उत्तम लक्षणों से युक्त विवेक-रूपी कर्णभूषण पहनाऊँगा। (14.19) महाराज! मेरे नेत्रों में कृपारूपी अंजन डालिये जिससे मेरा मन गीतार्थरूपी द्रव्य का ढूँढ़ सके।
(14.20) अपने करुणारूपी निर्मल सूर्य का इस प्रकार उदय कीजिए कि जिससे मेरे बुद्धिरूपी नेत्र एकदम सम्पूर्ण शब्दसृष्टि देख सको
(14.21) हे प्रेमियों के शिरोमणि! आप ऐसा वसन्तकाल बन जाये कि जिससे मेरी बुद्धिरूपी विस्तृत बेल में काव्यरूपी फल लग जायें।
(14.22) हे उदार! अपने प्रेम की दृष्टि से ऐसी वर्षा कीजिए कि मेरी बुद्धिरूपी गंगा में सिद्धान्तों की अत्यन्त बाढ़ आ जाय।
(14.23) हे विश्वैकधाम आपका कृपारूपी चन्द्रमा मेरे लिए काव्यस्फूर्ति की पूर्णमासी कर दे,
(14.24) जिसे देखते ही मेरे ज्ञानरूपी समुद्र में रसिकता का ऐसा ज्वार-भाटा आवे कि वह स्फूर्ति में न समा सके और वह निकले।
(14.25) इस पर श्रीगुरुराज ने सन्तुष्ट हो कर स्तुति तथा विनती के मिस से द्वैत की रचना की गई देख कर कहा (14.26) कि अब यह वृथा बातें रहते दो, जेय विषय का उत्तम निरूपण कर ग्रन्थार्थ प्रकट करा और उत्कण्ठा का भंग न होने दे।
(14.27) (तब ज्ञानेश्वर महाराज ने कहा) ठीक है स्वामी, मैं यही बात जाह रहा था कि आप अपने श्रीमुख से ग्रन्थ-निरूपण की आज्ञा दें;
(14.28) क्योंकि मैंने यह वासना ही नहीं रखी है कि यह निरूपण मैंने किया है अथवा वह मेरे ही कारण हुआ है।
(14.29) दूब का अंकुर स्वभावतः ही अमर रहता है परन्तु उस पर जैसे अमृत की वर्षा हो,
(14.30) उसी प्रकार आपकी कृपा के सहाय से मैं स्पष्टतर और विस्तार-पूर्वक गीता-शास्त्र के मूल पदों का विवेचन करूँगा।
(14.31) अतः जिससे अन्तःकरण में सन्देहों की नाव डूब जावे और जिसे सुनते ही अधिक सुनने की इच्छा बढ़े
(14.32) इस प्रकार मेरी वाणी गुरुकृपा के घर भिक्षा माँग कर मधुरता ले प्रकट हो।
(14.33) पीछे तेरहवें अध्याय में श्रीकृष्ण ने अर्जुन से यह बात कही थी (14.34) कि क्षेत्र और क्षेत्रज्ञ के सम्बन्ध से यह जगत् उत्पन्न होता है और गुणों के संग से आत्मा संसारी बनता है।
(14.35) और इसी आत्मा का मायोपाधि-सहित होना उसके सुख-दुःख भागों का कारण है,
तथा गुणातीत होने से वही केवल हो रहता है।
(14.36) उस असंग का किस प्रकार संग लग जाता है, क्षेत्र और क्षेत्रज्ञ का संयोग क्या है और उसे सुख-दुःख इत्यादि भाग कैसे होते हैं,
(14.37) गुण कैसे हैं और कितने हैं, वे किस प्रकार बन्धन करते हैं, तथा गुणातीतों के क्या लक्षण हैं, (38) इन सब बातों का वर्णन करना इस चौदहवें अध्याय का विषय है।
(14.39) अतः अब वैकुण्ठ के निवासी विश्वेश श्रीकृष्ण के उस अभिप्राय का उपक्रम सुनिए।
(14.40) श्रीकृष्ण ने कहा — हे अर्जुन! इस ज्ञान से अवधान की सम्पूर्ण सेना जमा कर लड़ो।
(14.41) पीछे यह ज्ञान हमने तुम्हें अनेक युक्तियों से समझाया है, तथापि अभी तक यह तुम्हारे अनुभव के पेट में प्रविष्ट नहीं हुआ है।
Hail, Preceptor, the God of all Gods, the morning Sun in the form of the splendour of intellect, the dawn of happiness. Hail the Abode of the Refuge of the entire universe; the very incarnation of the majestic idea, “I am myself Supreme Brahman”; the sea on which roll the waves in the form of diverse worlds; all glory to you. Hear, ye, the brother (reliever) of the distressed, the eternal sea of compassion, and the Lord of the bride in the form of pure and holy lores. To those, from whom you keep hidden your ‘self’, you only show this universe. Deluding the vision of others is called mesmerism; yet your own skill is so wonderful that it enables you to keep hidden your real aspect from others. You are all-in-all in the (entire) universe. (The state of things) that you enable some people to realise the Supreme Self, while to others you (simultaneously) show only illusive worldly drama is all your craft (लाघव)—to you (such a one) I bow. We know this much that in the world the quality of sweetness in water, as also the forgiveness in the Earth are secured by them through you. The brilliant mother of pearls—the Sun and the Moon that arise and illumine the three worlds have derived their lustre through your splendour. The blowing of the wind is also through your divine power, while the game of hide—and—seek played by the sky is also through your support. In short it is through your power that nescience becomes mighty (all-pervading) and knowledge secures the power of vision. Enough, however, of this extolling, since even the Shruti (Vedas) got fatigued while describing you. The Vedas proceed well with the description so long as the essence of your ‘self’ is not attained; but once it is attained both the Vedas and we find ourselves on the common plane of muteness. With the sea overflowing all, one can hardly distinguish individually even drops of water, what then of a big river? With the rising of the Sun, the Moon appears like a glow-worm: we both—ourselves and the Vedas—get reduced to the same position when matched with your ‘self’. When there remains no trace whatever of duality, and when both the Parā and Vaikhari, (परा व वैखरी) the first and last stages of speech cease functioning, under these condi- tions through what mouth could we extol you? No fitting words can be found by me to describe your personality. It is, therefore, the best course to stop all praise and place our (fore) head silently at your feet. Therefore, obeisance to you O preceptor, in whatever form you may be. (You) now be my creditor for making fruitful my (business of) composition and release the capital in the form of your kindness and pour it out into the bag (in the form) of my intellect, securing for me the gift of versified knowledge. With its help, I shall carry on my business and shall adorn the ears of the saints with auspicious ear-ornaments (in the form) of right discrimination. My mind wishes to lay open the hidden treasure (in the form) of the mystic meaning of the Gītā-teachings, and would pray to you to treat my eyes with collyrium in the form of your affection (to enable me to see the treasures). You should rise up, with the clear disc of your pure compassion, so that my intellectual vision would be able to perceive at a single glance, the entire literary (poetic) creation. You should be the spring (season), the crown-jewel amongst the loving, to make the charming creeping plant, in the form of my intellect abundantly fruitful with poetry. With your generous and kind vision, rain down copiously, so that the Ganges (in the form) of my intellect should register the highest flood in the form of problems (to be solved) and established truths. O, you, the sole resting place of the universe, let the Moon of your favour endow me with a Full-Moon night in the form of vigorous inspiration so that, at its sight the sea of knowledge should swell into full tide, making the channels of the nine Rasas (sentiments) over-flow themselves. Hearing this the Preceptor got pleased and said, “You have again started praising (me) on the pretext of making a request (and thus have been displaying a sense of duality). Let that unavailing talk alone, and proceed seriously with the revelation of the Scripture—making its sense lovely (easily comprehensible). Do not allow the deep interest (of the audience) to flag. Thereupon Shri Jñāneshwar said, I was only waiting to see the words ‘Go on with the preaching of the Scripture’ coming out from (your) illustrious mouth. The sprouts of the bent grass (दुर्बा) are naturally ever green; over and above that they get flooded with nectar. In that way through (your) kindness I shall now expound the original Scriptural phrases and words in an eloquent and lucid way. Yet my only wish is that there should be developed, through the grace of the preceptor, in my faculty of speech, such eloquence, as would be able to drown the small boat of dubiousness (persisting) in the heart of beings and would also whet their appetite for hearing. In Chapter XIII, Lord Krishna preached to Arjuna that the universe gets created through (the union of) the Field and the Field-knower, and that the Self, getting associated with the Gunas, has to get into the worldly affairs; this identification (of the self) with Prakrti is the sole cause of this pleasurable and painful experience. Otherwise, he is above the Gunas, absorbed as he is into the divine essence. How the non-attached gets attached, how the Field and the Field-knower get together, how they have to experience pleasure and pain, what is the nature and number of the Gunas, how they fetter and what are the characteristics of one who transcends these Gunas etc. etc.—the elucidation of these points forms the theme of Chapter XIV. Now you do hear what the teachings of the God of Vaikuntha on these are. Then the Lord said, “Oh Arjuna, you assemble together the entire army in the form of your attention and let it cling closely to knowledge. I (We) have on former occasions explained to you in many ways, this theory (of knowledge), yet you have not been able to realize it within yourself.