गीताGitaDeep

Bhagavad Gītā · Chapter 1 · Arjuna Viṣāda Yoga

अधर्माभिभवात्कृष्ण प्रदुष्यन्ति कुलस्त्रियः

स्त्रीषु दुष्टासु वार्ष्णेय जायते वर्णसङ्करः

१.४१

adharmābhibhavātkṛṣṇa praduṣyanti kulastriyaḥ|

strīṣu duṣṭāsu vārṣṇeya jāyate varṇasaṅkaraḥ||

Recitation coming soon

Word meanings

कृष्ण = O Kṛṣṇa

प्रदुष्यन्ति = become corrupted

अधर्माभिभवात् = from the prevailing of unrighteousness

वार्ष्णेय = O descendant of Vṛṣṇi

स्त्रीषु = the women

कुलस्त्रियः = the women of the family

दुष्टासु = when corrupted

वर्णसङ्करः = an intermixture of castes

जायते = arises

Translation

With the preponderance of vice, Krsna, the women of the family become corrupt; and with the corruption of women, O descendant of Vrsni, there ensues an intermixture of castes.

Commentary

The commentators seated around this verse

Open first:
Language:
Portrait of Rāmānuja

Rāmānuja · Viśiṣṭādvaita

English

On verses 1.26–47

Sanjaya frankly speaks to Dhritarāṣṭra at this time saying that Arjuna, who is the most noble minded, the most compassionate, the eternal well-wisher and the most virtuous;

although frequently fraught with difficulties along with his four brothers, instigated by thee and thy son, including horrid acts of treachery against them with intent to kill,

such as attempting to burn them all alive in a specially made house of combustible lac, administering poison and other unworthy deeds as well.

It is surely known to you that by Arjuna the destruction of all your clan is certain due to the fact that he has the support of the Parama Puruṣa, Krishna Himself, by his side.

He felt weak, overcome by his love and extreme compassion for his relatives. He was also filled with fear, not knowing what was Dharma(righteous) and what was Adharma (unrighteous). His mind was distracted by grief at the thought of losing his relatives.

So he cast aside his bow and arrow and sat down on the floor of the chariot as if to fast to the death.

Portrait of Jñāneśvar

Jñāneśvar · Vārkarī

English

41 “Through being overcome by impiety, O Kṛṣṇa (even) women of respected families become corrupt: (and) when women become corrupt, there ensues, O Scion of Vṛṣṇi’s race, the intermingling of castes (varṇās). (246)

“In such a state, common sense, reasonable conduct and duty, all naturally leave us far away. Snuffing out a lamp and moving out in the dark would naturally make one grope and fall down even on a plane level. In that way, on the extinction of the family, there perish also the families' immemorial rites-and-customs. What else could be left behind except sin (when) the restraint over the mind and senses ceases and the women of respectable families become corrupt? The best and the worst get mingled; so also all the castes get intermingled; then (naturally) all castes and (prescribed) duties get entirely dislocated. Just as the crows from all directions flock together seeing a (rice) oblation placed in an open space, in the same way great sins enter into irreligious families.

Swami Ramsukhdas · Modern

English

'Adharmābhibhavātkṛṣṇa praduṣyanti kulastriyaḥ'—By following righteousness, inner sense is purified. With the purification of inner sense, intellect becomes pure and pious

and placid (sāttvikī). Intellect has discrimination between right and wrong. But, when there is growth of impiety, in family, the conduct of members in the family, becomes bad. Bad conduct fouls the inner sense whose inner sense, makes the intellect 'tāmasī' (the intellect which veils knowledge and binds one to carelessness is called 'tāmasī'). With this 'Tāmasī' intellect, men lose discrimination, regard the undesirable as desirable, and the desirable as undesirable and act against ordinance of scriptures. With such an intellect women become depraved viz., unchaste.

'Strīṣu duṣṭāsu vārṣṇeya jāyate varṇasaṅkaraḥ'—Depraved women give birth to hybrids.* If man and woman belong to different castes, the offspring born of the couple, is known as a hybrid, (mixture).

Here, Arjuna by addressing the Lord as 'Kṛṣṇa', means to say that He attracts everyone. He further asks him, in which direction, He will pull his family.

Arjuna addresses him as Vārṣṇeya, because He belonged to the Vṛṣṇi clan. He means to say, to what clan will his descendants belong, when destruction of his clan, takes place? Therefore, it is not proper to destroy the clan.

Portrait of Jñāneśvar

Jñāneśvar · Vārkarī

Marathi

एथ सारासार विचारावें । कवणे काय आचरावें । आणि विधिनिषेध अघवे । पारुषति ॥ २४६ ॥

असता दीपु दवडीजे । मग अंधकारीं राहाटिजे । जे उजूंचि का आडळिजे । जयापरी ॥ २४७ ॥

तैसा कुळीं कुळक्षयो होय । तये वेळी तो आद्य धर्मु जाय । मग आन कांहीं आहे । पापांवाचुनि ॥ २४८ ॥

जैं यमनियम ठाकती । तेथ इंद्रियें सैरा विचरती । म्हणवूनि व्यभिचार घडती । कुळस्त्रियांसी ॥ २४९ ॥

उत्तम अधमीं संचरती । ऐसे वर्णावर्ण मिसळती । तेथ समूळ उपडती । जातिधर्म ॥ २५० ॥

जैसी चोहटाचिया बळी । पाविजे सैरा काऊळीं । तैसीं महापापें कुळीं प्रवेशती ॥ २५१ ॥

Portrait of Jñāneśvar

Jñāneśvar · Vārkarī

Hindi

(1.246) तब सारासार विवेक कौन करे? कौन किस बात का आचरण करे? विधि और निषेध सब नष्ट हो जाते हैं।

(1.247) जिस प्रकार हाथ का दिया खो जाय और अँधेरे में चलना हो तो समान भूमि पर भी ठिठकना पड़ता है,

(1.248) वैसे ही कुल का क्षय हो तो अनादि धर्म चला जाता है। फिर पाप के सिवाय क्या रह जाता है?

(1.249) यम और नियम बन्द हो जाते हैं, इन्द्रियाँ स्वतन्त्र बर्तने लगती हैं, कुल-स्त्रियों में व्यभिचार होने लगता है,

(1.250) उत्तम अधर्मों में व्यवहार करने लगते हैं, ब्राह्मण शूद्रादि वर्णावर्ण मिल जाते हैं और जातिधर्म का समूल उच्छेद हो जाता है।

(1.251) जैसे चौरस्ते पर फेंके हुए बलि पर कौए चारों ओर से झपट्टी मारते हैं वैसे ही कुल में चारों ओर से महापापों का प्रवेश हो जाता है।

Portrait of Sri Udiya Baba

Sri Udiya Baba · Modern

Hindi

हे श्रीकृष्ण! अधर्म से दब जाने पर कुल की स्त्रियाँ दूषित हो जाती हैं। और हे वृष्णानन्दन! स्त्रियों के दूषित होने पर वर्णसंकर सन्तान उत्पन्न होती है।

Swami Ramsukhdas · Modern

Hindi

‘अधर्माभिभवात्कृष्ण प्रदुष्यन्ति कुलस्त्रियः’—धर्मका पालन करनेसे अन्तःकरण शुद्ध हो जाता है। अन्तःकरण शुद्ध होनेसे बुद्धि सात्त्विकी बन जाती है। सात्त्विकी बुद्धिमें क्या करना चाहिये और क्या नहीं करना चाहिये—इसका विवेक जाग्रत् रहता है। परन्तु जब कुलमें अधर्म बढ़ जाता है, तब आचरण अशुद्ध होने लगते हैं, जिससे अन्तःकरण अशुद्ध हो जाता है। अन्तःकरण अशुद्ध होनेसे बुद्धि तामसी बन जाती है। बुद्धि तामसी होनेसे मनुष्य अकर्तव्यको कर्तव्य और कर्तव्यको अकर्तव्य मानने लग जाता है अर्थात् उसमें शास्त्र-मर्यादासे उलटी बातें पैदा होने लग जाती हैं। इस विपरीत बुद्धिसे कुलकी स्त्रियाँ दूषित अर्थात् व्यभिचारिणी हो जाती हैं।

**‘स्त्रीषु दुष्टासु वार्ष्णेय जायते वर्णसङ्करः’**—स्त्रियोंके दूषित होनेपर वर्णसंकर पैदा हो जाता है। पुरुष और स्त्री—दोनों अलग-अलग वर्णके होनेपर उनसे जो संतान पैदा होती है, वह ‘वर्णसंकर’ कहलाती है। अर्जुन यहाँ ‘कृष्ण’ सम्बोधन देकर यह कह रहे हैं कि आप सबको खींचनेवाले होनेसे ‘कृष्ण’ कहलाते हैं, तो आप यह बतायें कि हमारे कुलको आप किस तरफ खींचेंगे अर्थात् किधर ले जायेंगे? **‘वार्ष्णेय’** सम्बोधन देनेका भाव है कि आप वृष्णिवंशमें अवतार लेनेके कारण ‘वार्ष्णेय’ कहलाते हैं। परन्तु जब हमारे कुल-(वंश-) का नाश हो जायगा, तब हमारे वंशज किस कुलके कहलायेंगे? अतः कुलका नाश करना उचित नहीं है।

* परस्पर विरुद्ध धर्मका मिश्रण होकर जो बनता है, उसको ‘संकर’ कहते हैं। जब कर्तव्यका पालन नहीं होता, तब धर्मसंकर, वर्णसंकर, जातिसंकर, कुलसंकर, वेशसंकर, भाषासंकर, आहारसंकर आदि अनेक संकरदोष आ जाते हैं।

Share this verse

Practice diya: lit

Reading regularly?

Begin a daily practice — free, no account.

Begin