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Bhagavad Gītā · Chapter 1 · Arjuna Viṣāda Yoga

तस्मान्नार्हा वयं हन्तुं धार्तराष्ट्रान्स्वबान्धवान्

स्वजनं हि कथं हत्वा सुखिनः स्याम माधव

१.३७

tasmānnārhā vayaṃ hantuṃ dhārtarāṣṭrānsvabāndhavān|

svajanaṃ hi kathaṃ hatvā sukhinaḥ syāma mādhava||

Recitation coming soon

Word meanings

तस्मात् = therefore

स्वबान्धवान् = our own kinsmen

धार्तराष्ट्रान् = the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra

हन्तुम् = to kill

वयम् = we

न, अर्हाः = are not fit

हि = for

माधव = O Mādhava

स्वजनम् = our own kinsmen

हत्वा = having killed

कथम् = how

सुखिनः = happy

स्याम = would we be

Translation

Therefore, Krsna, it does not behove us to kill our relations, the sons of Dhrtarastra. For how can we be happy after killing our own kinsmen?

Commentary

The commentators seated around this verse

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Portrait of Rāmānuja

Rāmānuja · Viśiṣṭādvaita

English

On verses 1.26–47

Sanjaya frankly speaks to Dhritarāṣṭra at this time saying that Arjuna, who is the most noble minded, the most compassionate, the eternal well-wisher and the most virtuous;

although frequently fraught with difficulties along with his four brothers, instigated by thee and thy son, including horrid acts of treachery against them with intent to kill,

such as attempting to burn them all alive in a specially made house of combustible lac, administering poison and other unworthy deeds as well.

It is surely known to you that by Arjuna the destruction of all your clan is certain due to the fact that he has the support of the Parama Puruṣa, Krishna Himself, by his side.

He felt weak, overcome by his love and extreme compassion for his relatives. He was also filled with fear, not knowing what was Dharma(righteous) and what was Adharma (unrighteous). His mind was distracted by grief at the thought of losing his relatives.

So he cast aside his bow and arrow and sat down on the floor of the chariot as if to fast to the death.

Portrait of Jñāneśvar

Jñāneśvar · Vārkarī

English

37 “Hence, we would do well not to slay Dhritarāṣṭra’s sons, our own kinsmen; for, how can we, O Mādhava, feel happy after slaying our own kith and kin?” (233)

Therefore I would not do this thing viz. wield a weapon (in my hand) in the battle since it appears to me to be the most deadly sin. We would lose you, leaving nothing as our own and then our hearts would be rent without you, O Krishna.” Arjuna added that it would never happen that he would kill the Kauravas and survive and enjoy.

Swami Ramsukhdas · Modern

English

'Tasmānnārhā vayam hantuṃ dhārtarāṣṭrān svabāndhavān'—The arguments against the slaughter of our kith and kin, advanced so far (from 1/28 to this verse) are enough to convince us, that it is improper to indulge in a destructive activity, like war. How can we, who are regarded as virtuous persons, perform such a hideous act?

'Svajanaṃ hi katham hatvā sukhinaḥ syāma mādhava'—Mādhava, if mere thought of their slaughter, is so painful, just imagine how much more painful, it would be to slay them, after being blinded by avarice and anger. How can we feel happy after their slaughter? They are our close relations.

Delusion, which is born of a sense of mine, deprives Arjuna of his sense of duty, as a member of the warrior-class. Where there is delusion, there is no discretion. When discretion is suppressed by delusion, the sense of duty, gets blurred.

*Link:—The question arises, why Duryodhana does not think along the same lines, as you are thinking, since you are also his kith and kin. Arjuna explains this, in the two verses that follow.*

Portrait of Jñāneśvar

Jñāneśvar · Vārkarī

Marathi

म्हणोनि मी हें न करीं । इये संग्रामीं शस्त्र न धरीं । हें किडाळ बहुतीं । परीं दिसतसे ॥ २३३ ॥

तुझा अंतराय होईल । मग सांगें आमचें काय उरेल । तेणें दुःखे हियें फुटेल । तुजवीण कृष्णा ॥ २३४ ॥

म्हणावूनि कौरव हे वधिजती । मग आम्हीं भोग भोगिजती । हे असो मात अघडती । अर्जुन म्हणे ॥ २३५ ॥

Portrait of Jñāneśvar

Jñāneśvar · Vārkarī

Hindi

(1.233) इसलिए मैं यह कृत्य नहीं करता। मैं इस युद्ध में शस्त्र ही नहीं पकड़ता। अनेक रीति से यह कर्म बुरा ही दिखाई देता है।

(1.234) आपसे वियोग हो तो फिर कहिए, हमें क्या रह गया? हे कृष्ण! आपके बिना हमारा हृदय दुःख से विदीर्ण हो जावेगा।

(1.235) इसलिए अर्जुन ने कहा कि कौरवों का वध हो और हमें भोग प्राप्त हो यह बात अनहोनी ही रहने दो।

Portrait of Sri Udiya Baba

Sri Udiya Baba · Modern

Hindi

अतः माधव! अपने बन्धु इन धृतराष्ट्र-पुत्रों को मारना हमें उचित नहीं है। अपने कुटुम्बियों को मारकर हम कैसे सुखी हो सकते हैं।

Swami Ramsukhdas · Modern

Hindi

'तस्मान्नाहां वयं हन्तुं धार्तराष्ट्रान् स्वबान्धवान्'—अभीतक (पहले अध्यायके अट्ठाईसवें श्लोकसे लेकर यहाँतक) मैंने कुटुम्बियोंको न मारनेमें जितनी युक्तियाँ, दलीलें दी हैं, जितने विचार प्रकट किये हैं, उनके रहते हुए हम ऐसे अनर्थकारी कार्यमें कैसे प्रवृत्त हो सकते हैं ? अपने बान्धव इन धृतराष्ट्र-सम्बन्धियोंको मारनेका कार्य हमारे लिये सर्वथा ही अयोग्य है, अनुचित है। हम-जैसे अच्छे पुरुष ऐसा अनुचित कार्य कर ही कैसे सकते हैं ?

'स्वजनं हि कथं हत्वा सुखिनः स्याम माधव'—

हे माधव! इन कुटुम्बियोंके मरनेकी आशंकासे ही बड़ा दुःख हो रहा है, संताप हो रहा है, तो फिर क्रोध तथा लोभके वशीभूत होकर हम उनको मार दें तो कितना दुःख होगा! उनको मारकर हम कैसे सुखी होंगे ?

यहाँ 'ये हमारे घनिष्ठ सम्बन्धी हैं'—इस ममताजनित मोहके कारण अपने क्षत्रियोचित कर्तव्यकी तरफ अर्जुनकी दृष्टि ही नहीं जा रही है। कारण कि जहाँ मोह होता है, वहाँ मनुष्यका विवेक दब जाता है। विवेक दबनेसे मोहकी प्रबलता हो जाती है। मोहके प्रबल होनेसे अपने कर्तव्यका स्पष्ट भान नहीं होता।

* आततायीको मार दे—यह अर्थशास्त्र है और किसीकी भी हिंसा न करे—यह धर्मशास्त्र है। जिसमें अपना कोई स्वार्थ (मतलब) रहता है, वह 'अर्थशास्त्र' कहलाता है; और जिसमें अपना कोई स्वार्थ नहीं रहता, वह 'धर्मशास्त्र' कहलाता है। अर्थशास्त्रकी अपेक्षा धर्मशास्त्र बलवान् होता है। अतः शास्त्रोंमें जहाँ अर्थशास्त्र और धर्मशास्त्र— दोनोंमें विरोध आये, वहाँ अर्थशास्त्रका त्याग करके धर्मशास्त्रको ही ग्रहण करना चाहिये—

स्मृत्योर्विरोधे न्यायस्तु बलवान्व्यवहारतः। अर्थशास्त्रात् बलवद्धर्मशास्त्रमिति स्थितिः ॥ (याज्ञवल्क्यस्मृति २।२१)

सम्बन्ध—अब यहाँ यह शंका होती है कि जैसे तुम्हारे लिये दुर्योधन आदि स्वजन हैं, ऐसे ही दुर्योधन आदिके लिये भी तो तुम स्वजन हो। स्वजनकी दृष्टिसे तुम तो युद्धसे निवृत्त होनेकी बात सोच रहे हो, पर दुर्योधन आदि युद्धसे निवृत्त होनेकी बात ही नहीं सोच रहे हैं—इसका क्या कारण है? इसका उत्तर अर्जुन आगेके दो श्लोकोंमें देते हैं।

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