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Bhagavad Gītā · Chapter 1 · Arjuna Viṣāda Yoga

निमित्तानि च पश्यामि विपरीतानि केशव

न च श्रेयोऽनुपश्यामि हत्वा स्वजनमाहवे

१.३१

nimittāni ca paśyāmi viparītāni keśava|

na ca śreyo'nupaśyāmi hatvā svajanamāhave||

Recitation coming soon

Word meanings

केशव = O Keśava

निमित्तानि = omens

= even

विपरीतानि = adverse

पश्यामि = I see

आहवे = in battle

स्वजनम् = kinsmen

हत्वा = having killed

श्रेयः = good/benefit

= even

= not

अनुपश्यामि = I foresee

Translation

And, Kesava, I see such omens of evil, nor do I see any good in killing my kinsmen in battle.

Commentary

The commentators seated around this verse

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Portrait of Rāmānuja

Rāmānuja · Viśiṣṭādvaita

English

On verses 1.26–47

Sanjaya frankly speaks to Dhritarāṣṭra at this time saying that Arjuna, who is the most noble minded, the most compassionate, the eternal well-wisher and the most virtuous;

although frequently fraught with difficulties along with his four brothers, instigated by thee and thy son, including horrid acts of treachery against them with intent to kill,

such as attempting to burn them all alive in a specially made house of combustible lac, administering poison and other unworthy deeds as well.

It is surely known to you that by Arjuna the destruction of all your clan is certain due to the fact that he has the support of the Parama Puruṣa, Krishna Himself, by his side.

He felt weak, overcome by his love and extreme compassion for his relatives. He was also filled with fear, not knowing what was Dharma(righteous) and what was Adharma (unrighteous). His mind was distracted by grief at the thought of losing his relatives.

So he cast aside his bow and arrow and sat down on the floor of the chariot as if to fast to the death.

Portrait of Jñāneśvar

Jñāneśvar · Vārkarī

English

31 “And I notice, O Keśava, adverse omens; and I perceive no good from killing the kin in the strife.” (207)

If the Kauravas are to be killed, why not Dharma and others? You know they are all our co-Gotrajas. Therefore fie upon this war which does not appear to me to be pure. What object can be secured by committing this great sin? Lord! viewed from many stand-points the war will only result in something untoward. It would be good if it can be avoided anyhow.

Swami Ramsukhdas · Modern

English

'Nimittāni ca paśyāmi viparītāni keśava'—O Keśava, I find the omens* inauspicious. Enthusiasm in the beginning of an activity, leads it to success, while dilemma leads, to failure. So Arjuna says that the omens—that his limbs are giving way, his body is shaking, his mouth is getting parched—are not auspicious.† Besides, these, other omens, such as the falling of a meteor, untimely eclipse, earthquake, horrible sound of birds and animals, obliteration of a black mark in the moon, falling of blood from clouds, are inauspicious and all of these augur ill.

'Na ca śreyo'nupaśyāmi hatvā svajanamāhave'—I do not see any good, in killing my kith and kin either in this world or in the next, because only a sinner can destroy his kith and kin. Therefore, sin, alone will accrue to us by killing them, and that sin will lead us to hell.

In this verse, in both 'Nimittāni paśyāmi' (I see omens) and 'Śreyaḥ anupaśyāmi' (I see good)‡ Arjuna wants to say that, whether he goes by the omens or by this common sense, it is certain that it is futile to wage war, and there is no good in it, for them and for the entire world.

Link:—In the next verse Arjuna expresses his reluctance to get such an undesirable victory.

Portrait of Jñāneśvar

Jñāneśvar · Vārkarī

Marathi

या कौरवां जरी वधावें । तरी युधिष्ठिरादिक कां न वधावे । हे येर येर आघवे । गोत्रज आमुचे ॥ २०७ ॥

म्हणोनि जळो हें झुंज । प्रत्यया न ये मज । एणें काय काज । महापापें ॥ २०८ ॥

देवा बहुतं परीं पाहता । एथ वोखटें होईल झुंजतां । वर काहीं चुकवितां । लाभु आथी ॥ २०९ ॥

Portrait of Jñāneśvar

Jñāneśvar · Vārkarī

Hindi

(1.207) इन कौरवों का वध किया जाये तो युधिष्ठिरादि का भी क्यों न किया जाय! ये भी तो सब हमारे गोत्रज है।

(1.208) इसलिए नाश हो इस युद्ध का! यह मुझे नहीं भाता। इस महापाप से मुझे क्या लेना-देना?

(1.209) हे देव! अनेक प्रकार से विचार कर देखने से मालूम होता है कि इनसे संग्राम करने से बुराई ही होगी, किन्तु इसे टाल देने से कुछ लाभ होगा।

Portrait of Sri Udiya Baba

Sri Udiya Baba · Modern

Hindi

हे केशव! मैं विपरीत (अनर्थसूचक) लक्षण भी देख रहा हूँ। युद्ध में इन स्वजनों को मारकर मुझे कोई भलाई भी नहीं दिखायी देती।

Swami Ramsukhdas · Modern

Hindi

‘निमित्तानि च पश्यामि विपरीतानि केशव’—हे केशव! मैं शकुनोंको भी विपरीत ही देख रहा हूँ। तात्पर्य है कि किसी भी कार्यके आरम्भमें मनमें जितना अधिक उत्साह (हर्ष) होता है, वह उत्साह उस कार्यको उतना ही सिद्ध करनेवाला होता है। परन्तु अगर कार्यके आरम्भमें ही उत्साह भंग हो जाता है, मनमें संकल्प-विकल्प ठीक नहीं होते, तो उस कार्यका परिणाम अच्छा नहीं होता। इसी भावसे अर्जुन कह रहे हैं कि अभी मेरे शरीरमें अवयवोंका शिथिल होना, कम्प होना, मुखका सूखना आदि जो लक्षण हो रहे हैं, ये व्यक्तिगत शकुन भी ठीक नहीं हो रहे हैं। इसके सिवाय आकाशसे उल्कापात होना, असमयमें ग्रहण लगना, भूकम्प होना, पशु-पक्षियोंका भयंकर बोली बोलना, चन्द्रमाके काले चिह्नका मिट-सा जाना, बादलोंसे रक्तकी वर्षा होना आदि जो पहले शकुन हुए हैं, वे भी ठीक नहीं हुए हैं। इस तरह अभीके और

पहलेके—इन दोनों शकुनोंकी ओर देखता हूँ, तो मेरेको ये दोनों ही शकुन विपरीत अर्थात् भावी अनिष्टके सूचक दीखते हैं।

‘न च श्रेयोऽनुपश्यामि हत्वा स्वजनमाहवे’—युद्धमें अपने कुटुम्बियोंको मारनेसे हमें कोई लाभ होगा—ऐसी बात भी नहीं है। इस युद्धके परिणाममें हमारे लिये लोक और परलोक—दोनों ही हितकारक नहीं दीखते। कारण कि जो अपने कुलका नाश करता है, वह अत्यन्त पापी होता है। अतः कुलका नाश करनेसे हमें पाप ही लगेगा, जिससे नरकोंकी प्राप्ति होगी।

इस श्लोकमें ‘निमित्तानि पश्यामि’ और ‘श्रेयः अनुपश्यामि’—इन दोनों वाक्योंसे अर्जुन यह कहना चाहते हैं कि मैं शकुनोंको देखूँ अथवा स्वयं विचार करूँ, दोनों ही रीतिसे युद्धका आरम्भ और उसका परिणाम हमारे लिये और संसारमात्रके लिये हितकारक नहीं दीखता।

सम्बन्ध—जिसमें न तो शुभ शकुन दीखते हैं और न श्रेय ही दीखता है, ऐसी अनिष्टकारक विजयको प्राप्त करनेकी अनिच्छा अर्जुन आगेके श्लोकमें प्रकट करते हैं।

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